1. 6. Work Study

2. Frederick W Taylor ► ► Taylor had been involved in scientific research into work patterns and job design since the late 1800s ► ► Is largely recognized as one of the early proponents of work / job design. ► ► E.g. he identified the optimum weight people could shovel, and advocated the use of different sized shovels for different densities of materials.

3. Work Study ► Operations Managers need to know about interaction amongst people (their work), machines and other resources – hence work study ► Work Study is a collection of techniques used to examine work - what is done and how it is done - so that there is systematic analysis of all the elements, factors, resources and relationships affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the work being studied.

4. Work Study ► Method study  is "the systematic and critical examination of the ways of doing things in order to make improvements". It seeks better ways of doing work and embraces equipment design and ergonomics as well as more subjective, psychological aspects of the person-job relationship. ► Work measurement  can establish performance times for workers to carry out standardized tasks. The measured work data is useful for planning and scheduling.

5. SREDIM ► For method study:  Select the task to study  Record the facts about it  Examine these  Develop a new method  Install/Implement it  Maintain it

6. Work Measurement: Basic Steps ► The operations manager/engineer observes work and records times and from this calculates basic and standard times. ► The steps involve:  decide the task(s) to be measured and understand the work/task cycle including the start up, perform and wind-down/put away phases  identify the elements of each task  observe the task being done.  record (stop watch and time sheet) the observed times for each element in the task cycle  calculate basic times for these (average the observed times).  add defined percentage allowances to each element to the basic time