1. Europe

2. Peninsulas “A peninsula of peninsulas” Europe is a giant peninsula, smaller peninsulas extending from it “A peninsula of peninsulas” Europe is a giant peninsula, smaller peninsulas extending from it

3. Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula –Sweden and Norway –Fjords - deep, sea filled valleys created by glaciers Jutland –Denmark Scandinavian Peninsula –Sweden and Norway –Fjords - deep, sea filled valleys created by glaciers Jutland –Denmark

4. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula –Spain and Portugal Apennine Peninsula –Italy Balkan Peninsula –Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania Iberian Peninsula –Spain and Portugal Apennine Peninsula –Italy Balkan Peninsula –Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania

5. Islands Iceland British Isles –Great Britain and Ireland Mediterranean Islands –Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Malta Iceland British Isles –Great Britain and Ireland Mediterranean Islands –Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Malta

6. Mountains Scandinavian Highlands –oldest rock formations on earth Alps –Switz, Austria, Italy, France Carpathian –Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine Scandinavian Highlands –oldest rock formations on earth Alps –Switz, Austria, Italy, France Carpathian –Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine

7. Plains Most populated areas Agriculture North European Plain –more than 1,800 miles –France, Germany, Poland Hungarian Basin Most populated areas Agriculture North European Plain –more than 1,800 miles –France, Germany, Poland Hungarian Basin

8. Rivers and Lakes Long, navigable rivers Rhine, Danube, Thames Lakes –Scandinavia and Finland Lake Plateau –Lake Geneva –Lake Como Long, navigable rivers Rhine, Danube, Thames Lakes –Scandinavia and Finland Lake Plateau –Lake Geneva –Lake Como

9. Resources Iron and Coal –essential to industry Peat –moss used for fuel Oil –under the North Sea Bauxite, potash, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, gold, and silver Iron and Coal –essential to industry Peat –moss used for fuel Oil –under the North Sea Bauxite, potash, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, gold, and silver

10. Climate and Vegetation

11. Climate Much of Europe has mild climates Why? Ocean currents play a large role in Europe’s climates Much of Europe has mild climates Why? Ocean currents play a large role in Europe’s climates

12. Major Climate Zones Marine West Coast Climate - largest climate region (Seattle) Mediterranean Climate –Affected by local winds, mistral and the stroccos Humid Continental - eastern and northern Europe Marine West Coast Climate - largest climate region (Seattle) Mediterranean Climate –Affected by local winds, mistral and the stroccos Humid Continental - eastern and northern Europe

13. Other Climate Zones Humid Subtropical –Northern Italy Steppe –Spain’s Meseta Subarctic and Tundra –Northern Scandinavia and Finland Highland –Alps Humid Subtropical –Northern Italy Steppe –Spain’s Meseta Subarctic and Tundra –Northern Scandinavia and Finland Highland –Alps

14. Causes Ocean currents in Western Europe –Blocked by Alpine Range Mediterranean and winds in the South Alps create Highland climate Inland continent - continental climates Ocean currents in Western Europe –Blocked by Alpine Range Mediterranean and winds in the South Alps create Highland climate Inland continent - continental climates

15. Vegetation Wide variety Forests, grasslands, tundra plants, and chaparral Closely tied to climate regions Largely effected by human interaction Wide variety Forests, grasslands, tundra plants, and chaparral Closely tied to climate regions Largely effected by human interaction

16. Climate Vegetation Marine West Coast - Deciduous Highland - Coniferous Mediterranean - Chaparral Steppe - grassland Tundra - sparse grasses Marine West Coast - Deciduous Highland - Coniferous Mediterranean - Chaparral Steppe - grassland Tundra - sparse grasses

17. Human Interaction Small continent, lots of people Many natural forests destroyed Lumbering is a main industry –Regulations in many areas Air pollution –Industrialization Small continent, lots of people Many natural forests destroyed Lumbering is a main industry –Regulations in many areas Air pollution –Industrialization