1. 牛津版 高一 模块三 Unit 2

2. Unit 2 Grammar and usage （ 1 ） Noun clauses introduced by question words Unit 2 Grammar and usage （ 1 ） Noun clauses introduced by question words

3. That the earth is round is a fact. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. My idea is that we should do it right now. I had no idea that you were her friend. 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 I. 名词从句的种类

4. II. Tell the function of the following sentences. a. subject b. object c. predicative d. appositive 1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many. d

5. 2. The question is whether it is worth doing. 3. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land. 4. That he will come is certain. 5. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation. 6. Why he did it wasn’t quite clear. c b b a a

6. We can use the following question words to introduce noun clauses: what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how. III. Noun Clauses introduced by question words:

7. We use a question word to introduce a noun clause. The clause can function as the subject, object or predicative of the sentence.

8. 1. Where does a person come from? This will affect his or her style of speech. = Where a person comes from will affect his or her style of speech. wh-question subject

9. 2. Why does English have such strange rules? You can begin to see it! = You can begin to see it why English has such strange rules! wh-question object

10. 3. Why does English have so many difficult rules that confuse people? That is the reason. = That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. wh-question predicative

11. In a noun clause that is introduced by a question word, we change the word order into that of a statement. We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses.

12. e.g. What are people from the north saying? People from the south find it difficult to understand. People from the south find it difficult to understand what people from the north are saying.

13. 在复合句中作主句的主语。引导词有 连词 that (that 不可省 ), whether; 代词 有 who, what,which; 副词 when,where, how, why 等。 VI. 主语从句

14. e.g. That he is a famous singer is known to us. When he will go to America is not yet fixed. Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. (not if )

15. 在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有 连词 that (that 常可省略 ), whether, if; 代词有 who, whose,what,which; 副词 when,where, how, why 等。 VII. 宾语从句

16. e.g. We believe (that) he is honest. I asked if (=whether) they had a cheap suit. Can you tell which dictionary is hers? I really don’t know what he is doing.

17. 在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有 连词 that (that 不可省 ), whether; 代词 有 who, what, which; 副词 when, where, how, why 等。 VIII. 表语从句

18. e.g. The problem is that we didn’t get in touch with him. This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.

19. 注意： 如果句子的主语是 suggestion, advice. order 等名词时, 后面引导的表语从句 用 should+ 动词原形, should 可省略。

20. 在句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名 词 fact, news, idea, promise, thought, suggestion 等之后, 用以说明或解释前 面的名词。引导词有连词 that; 少数情 况下也可用连接副词等。 IX. 同位语从句

21. e.g. The thought that we might success excited us. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. You have no idea how worried I was.

22. 注意： 名词 suggestion, advice, order 等词后 的同位语从句的谓语动词要用 should+ 动词原形, should 可省略。

23. Read the diary on page 28 and decide what sentence element each highlighted noun clause is in its sentence. Answers: 1. ______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. ______ 5. _______ OS P OP

24. Read the article on page 29 and fill in the blanks with suitable question words. Answers: 1. _______ 2. ________ 3. _________ 4. _______ 5. ________ 6. _________ 7. _______ 8. ________ why What which why how who How Which

25. 1. ---Do you remember ____ he came? ---Yes, I do. He came by car. a. how b. when c. that d. if 2. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. a. If b. Whether c. That d. Where a b V. Choose the best answer

26. 3. Ask her _____ come with us. a. if she will b. if will she c. whether she d. whether will she 4. ____ we can’t understand is____ he didn’t join us in our discussion. a. That; why b. Which; how c. What; what d. What; why a d

27. Grammar and usage (2) preparatory subject it Grammar and usage (2) preparatory subject it

28. Look at the following sentences and find the real subject of each sentence. 1. It is important for us to learn it well. 2. It is important that we should learn English well today. 3. It is no use wasting your time reading such books all day.

29. Sometimes in English the subject of a sentence is very long, making the sentence awkward and difficult to understand. One way of making the sentence easier to understand is to use the preparatory subject it. With the preparatory subject it, the subject is moved to the end of the sentence, and it is used in its place at the start of the sentence.

30. 1. We can use it as an empty subject A. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. e.g. That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain. = (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today.

31. Whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. = (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will keep on changing in the future.

32. When we can set off depends on the weather. = (preferable) It depends on weather when we can set off.

33. 1. It + be + adj. ( true, certain, possible, obvious, likely…) that… 2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder, an honour, a pity,…) that… 3. It+ be + past participle (said, reported, expected, announced…) that… 4. It + seems/appears that…. 5. It doesn’t matter that… it 作形式主语的句型 :

34. e.g. To learn a foreign language is a challenging task. = (preferable) It is a challenging task to master a foreign language. To gain access to the Inter 阿 net is important for us. = (preferable) It is important for us to gain access to the Internet. B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.

35. C. when the subject is a v-ing form. e.g. It is fun wandering in the countryside. = (preferable) Wandering in the countryside is fun. It takes up a lot of my time travelling to Beijing. = (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time.

36. 2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence. e.g. It seems that he is enthusiastic about drawing. = He seems to be enthusiastic about drawing.

37. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. = My new neighbour happens to come from my home town.

38. 3. We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to infinitive (preferable), but with the verb-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.

39. e.g. It is a good idea to make an official statement about the incident. = Making an official statement about the incident is a good idea.

40. Read the dialogue on page 31 and rewrite the sentences in yellow, using the preparatory subject it. Answers: 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ It requires a good understanding of their behaviour to know what they mean.

41. 3. ________________________________ ________________________________. 4. ________________________________ ________________________________. It always puzzles me why my dog barks in certain ways It won’t be difficult to buy a machine like this.

42. Read the letter on page 31 and rewrite the underlined sentences using the preparatory subject it. Answers: 2. _________________________________ _________________________________. It happens that several racial groups live in Singapore.

43. 3. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________. 4. ________________________________. It is fun to hear different people speaking different languages all at the same time It is certain that I’ll see you next week.

44. 1. 乘宇宙飞船去月球是可能的。 It is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship. Translation

45. 2. 他似乎已经知道问题的答案。 It seems that he has known the answer to the problem. 3. 我们在哪儿听报告还没定。 It hasn’t been decided where we’ll listen to the report.

46. 用 that 或 what 完成下列句子。 1. ______ he wants is a book. 2. ____ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. Is ______ he told us true? 4. We should pay attention to _____ the teacher is saying. 5. I have no idea ______ he did that after-noon. what What That

47. Tips: that 只起连接主从句的功能，不作成 分，而 what 不仅起连接作用，还在从 句中作主语或宾语等成分。

48. 根据句意填入恰当的词。 1. This is _____ the whole city is fed. 2. I am going, anyway. ________ you’ll go with me is up to you. 3. __________ caused the fire in the lab is still a secret. 4. His success was due to the fact _____ he knew how to make good use of time. how Whether What / Who that

49. 5. The rule ____ boys mustn’t have long hair is often mentioned in our school. ________ breaks it will be punished. 6. Have you made ___ clear ____ the form is to be handed in by Friday? 7. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. that Whoever itthat where

50. 8. Do ________ you believe is right and keep on trying until you make it. 9. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future. 10. You should stick to ______ you have begun until you finish it. what whatever what that

51. 1. I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me. (P28) [ 考点 ] which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how 等特殊疑问词引导名 词性从句时，保留原来疑问词的意 思，且从句中用陈述句语序。 考点点拨 考例回顾

52. [ 考例 ] Please remind me ______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006 全国卷 I) A. where B. when C. how D. what B

53. 句意：请提醒我他说他什么时候要走。 也许我能赶上为他送行。第二个句子 中 be in time to see him off 是关键信息， 所以选择表示时间的 when ，意为 “ 什么 时候 ” 。

54. 2. The difficulty is how I’m going to read the book without a dictionary. (P28) [ 考点 ] 特殊疑问词引导名词性从句 时，从句中应用陈述句语序。

55. [ 考例 ] These shoes look very good. I wonder ______. ( 上海 2006 春 ) A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost C

56. 3. It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. (P30) [ 考点 ] 当主语由从句、动词不定式、 V- ing 形式充当时，可用 it 作形式主 语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

57. [ 考例 ] ______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （浙江 2006 ） A. As B. ThatC. This D. It 句意：我们相信医疗保健方面的改善可 以促使经济更加繁荣。 it 是形式主语， that 引导的句子是真正的主语。 D

58. 4. It seems that he is enthusiastic about drawing. (P30) [ 考点 ] 当 seem, appear, happen, prove, chance, turn out 等动词在句中作 谓语时，常用 it 作形式主语。

59. [ 考例 ] Our club is open to adults only. ______ your children have entered without permission.( 上海 2005 春 ) A. There seems thatB. It seems to be C. There seems to beD. It seems that D

60. 句意：我们的俱乐部只对成年人开放。 你的孩子们好像未经许可就进来了。 根据句子结构，空格后面是一个句子， 故需 that 引导，排除 B 和 C 项。 that 引 导的句子是真正的主语，而能充当形 式主语的只有 it 。