1. 2004 2005 Ashley H. Sanders and H. Duane Norman Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD asanders@aipl.arsusda.gov Disposal reporting and disposition of culled cows by parity and herd size

2. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (2)A. H. Sanders 20042005 DHIA Termination Codes (TC) 0 Lactation in progress or ended normally 1 Locomotion problems (feet and legs) 2Sold for dairy purpose or herd discontinued testing 3Sold for beef – low production 4Sold for beef – reproductive problems 5Sold for beef – reasons not specified 6Died 7Sold for beef – mastitis or high SCC 8Lactation ended with abortion 1 1 at >= 152 days and = 200 days in milk if no breeding date

3. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (3)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Herd Disposal Reporting  40,849 herd-years from 2000  2003 Herds continuing on test  80% test-day records passing edits  10 test days  33% of cows in milk with final record reported during the herd year  Termination code (TC) 3-7 reported for 1,043,055 cows  No disposal information reported for ~20% of final records

4. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (4)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Distribution of TC Annual Percentage of Cows in Milk Herd size Herd- years (no.) Percentage cows with TC 3-7 Percentage of culled cows coded with TC 34567 productionreproductionunspecifieddiedmastitis/SCC <252203241218321214 25-4913,893261221381018 50-9916,578261321381117 100-1493836271521341317 150-1991443261621331417 200-29911052515193615 300-4997912517163715 ≥5001000252315351215 All40,849261320371117

5. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (5)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Cow Disposal Reporting  8.5 million final lactation records since 1997  2.8 million likely in progress  Calving in 2004 or 2005  TC not 3-7  0.5 million sold for dairy (TC 2)  To herds not participating in DHIA testing  4.0 million include disposal code (TC 3-7)  1.2 million unknown disposition  Herd discontinued DHIA testing (and TC 2 not used)  Disposal not recorded or ambiguous

6. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (6)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Distribution of TC Percentage of reported disposals Record Processing Center TC 34567 productionreproductionunspecifieddiedmastitis/SCC A71456914 B2910351610 C2314341217 D1122331618 All1817351416

7. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (7)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Data  Terminal lactation records (3,138,918)  Lactations 1-5  Ending 1998 through 2004  TC 3-7  Paired with herd-year averages for the year culled  Milk  Fat  Protein  SCS and SCC

8. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (8)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Models  Difference from herd average (HA) for milk, fat, and protein included TC (3 vs. other)  Difference from HA for SCS and SCC included TC (7 vs. other)  Days open included TC (4 vs. other) and was restricted to cows with >50 DIM  All included lactation number, termination year and interactions with TC

9. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (9)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Yield Results  Cows with TC 3 had milk yield 2% and protein yield 3% lower than HA  Significantly different from other culled cows with milk yield 5% and protein yield 2% higher than HA

10. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (10)A. H. Sanders 20042005 SCS Results  Cows with TC 7 had SCS 21% higher than HA  Significantly different from other culled cows, although those cows also had SCS higher (4%) than HA

11. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (11)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Reproduction Results  Cows with TC 4 had significantly higher days open (258) than other culled cows with at least 50 DIM (173 days open)

12. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (12)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Disposal by Parity  The most common reported reasons for culling cows in 1 st lactation were low production (TC 3) and reproductive problems (TC 4)  The most common reported reason for culling cows in 3 rd or later lactation was high SCC/mastitis (TC 7)

13. ADSA-ASAS-CSAS JOINT MEETING 2005 (13)A. H. Sanders 20042005 Conclusions  Most terminal records include an indication cow status (live/dead)  Most records for culled cows include an indication of cause  Reported TC are supported by cow and herd records  Research aimed at using TC information to improve trait analysis is warranted