1. Section 4 Tutorial 2 Using Words and Phrases Consistent with the Style and Tone in an Essay

2. Explanation of Skill Formal Language IndicatorsInformal Language Indicators No contractions Absence of slang No nicknames Complete Sentences Standard grammar Example: President Obama addressed the nation about the severity of the catastrophe in the gulf of Mexico. He demanded an explanation from the oil company executives. May use contractions May use slang May use nicknames Intentional fragments Intentional misuse of grammar Example: Obama spoke to us about the bad things that happened in the Gulf. He got angry and asked for answers from the guys in charge.

3. Using Words and Phrases Consistent with the Style and Tone in an Essay In the following sentence, the writer wants to describe the actions of the driver and emphasize that this experience is a new one. Which one of the following choices would most efficiently accomplish this task? On his journey through the coral reef, the diver sees brilliantly colored tropical fish. 1.A) NO CHANGE B) views C) discovers D) checks out

4. Example #1 In the following sentence, the writer wants to describe the actions of the driver and emphasize that this experience is a new one. Which one of the following choices would most efficiently accomplish this task? On his journey through the coral reef, the diver sees brilliantly colored tropical fish. 1.A) NO CHANGE B) views C) discovers D) checks out

5. Using Words and Phrases Consistent with the Style and Tone in an Essay In the following sentence, the writer wants to be consistent in the presenting the idea that dinosaur life on every continent is a possibility rather than an accepted fact. Scientists have offered strong evidence that dinosaurs may have been found on every continent. 2.A) NO CHANGE B) give proof C) conclusively show D) have clearly confirmed

6. Example #2 In the following sentence, the writer wants to be consistent in the presenting the idea that dinosaur life on every continent is a possibility rather than an accepted fact. Scientists have offered strong evidence that dinosaurs may have been found on every continent. 2.A) NO CHANGE B) give proof C) conclusively show D) have clearly confirmed

7. Types of Conjunctions TypesFunctionIdentifierExample Coordinating Conjunctions One word that joins equal parts (words, clauses, phrases) Each side has to have equal value/meaning F - for B - but A - and O - or N - nor Y - yet S - so Kevin enjoys bread and butter with his spaghetti. Michael didn’t care for coffee, but Sara did. Correlative Conjunction Similar to coordinating conjunctions, but they are pairs of words – used to join two equal parts Not only, but also / if then, either, or / neither, nor (ex. broken) The portions of the sentence following the correlative conjunctions must exhibit parallel structure. I would either the mango or the apple please. Bonnie not only types quickly but also organizes efficiently. Subordinating Conjunctions Word or words used to join a main clause and subordinate clause To join unequal parts Because, how now that, provided, supposing, whether, while Even if the rain continues, the football game will go on as scheduled.

8. Determine the Clearest and Most Logical conjunction to Link Clauses IllogicalLogical At Friday’s party, the teens enjoyed the barbecue, played volleyball, but they ended the night by dancing. OR If the student doesn’t study for her test, and she will fail the class. OR The coach kicked Michael off the team if he skipped practice. At Friday’s party, the teens enjoyed the barbecue, played volleyball, and they ended the night by dancing. OR If the student doesn’t study for the test, then she will fail the class. OR The coach kicked Michael off the team because he skipped practice. Suggestions Sometimes we use the most common conjunctions without thinking about their meaning. Use logic to choose the word that will combine your clauses! EXAMPLE: “I wanted to drive, therefore I forgot my license.” Can be changed to: “I wanted to drive, however I forgot my license.”