1. PARTICLE THEORY of MATTER

2. MATTER
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space

3. Particle Theory
All matter is made of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.
# 1

4. Particle Theory
# 2
Different substances are made of different kinds of particles

5. Particle Theory
# 3
Particles are in constant random motion.

6. Particle Theory
# 4
The particles of a substance move faster as the temperature increases.

7. Particle Theory
# 5
Particles attract each other – the closer together, the stronger the attraction.

8. STATES of MATTER

9. States of Matter

10. PROPERTIES
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Particle Arrangement
Forces between particles
Motion of particles
Shape
Can be Compressed?
Expansion (volume) when heated
Weaker than solids
Weakest
(almost none)
Strongest
Particles can vibrate, but do not move from their position
Particles move about very fast in all directions
Particles are able to move around
No fixed shape; takes the shape of container
No fixed shape; takes the shape of container
Fixed shape No
No (negligible)
Yes
Expands more than solids but less than gases
Expands more than solids and liquids
Expands slightly

11. Changes of State Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Sublimation
Melting
Freezing

12. Classification of Matter

13. Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified into two main categories-- pure substances and mixtures - based on what types of particles make up the matter.
When a substance consists of more than one type of particle, it is a mixture. Examples of mixtures include granola bars, orange juice, tea, and soil.
When a substance consists of only one type of particle, it is a pure substance. Examples of pure substances include distilled water, carbon dioxide, and pure iron.

14. Classification of Mixtures
Mixtures can be further classified into mechanical mixtures and solutions
The different substances in a solution cannot be visually distinguished. A solution looks like a pure substance, but it is not. Examples of solutions include apple juice and non-distilled water.
We can visually distinguish the different substances in a mechanical mixture. Examples of mechanical mixtures include cereal and Caesar salad.
An alloy is a type of solution in which two or more metals are mixed together. Examples of alloys include bronze and stainless steel.

15. Classify the following as a pure substance, mechanical mixture or solution:
Spicy Salad dressing ____________________
Gold bars at Fort Knox ____________________
A glass of KoolAid ____________________
Copper wire ____________________
A quarter ____________________
A cold drink of iced tea ____________________
Air ____________________
Cake mix ____________________
Distilled water ____________________
A compost pile in the garden ____________________
Mechanical mixture
Pure substance
Solution
Pure substance
Pure substance
Solution
Solution
Mechanical mixture
Pure substance
Mechanical mixture