2.  Sophie Germain  Mathematician, physicist, and philosopher.  Born April 1, 1776, in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France  Died: June 27, 1831  Got educated at École Polytechnique  French nationality

3.  Sophie Germain's greatest contribution to mathematics was in number theory. She discovered a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem which we now call the Germain Theorem.  Worked in the elasticity theory, differential geometry, number theory and prime number fields

4.  Number theory or arithmetic is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the natural numbers and the integers. It is sometimes called "The Queen of Mathematics" because of its foundational place in the discipline.

5.  Germain wrote to Gauss outlining her strategy for a general solution to Fermat’s last theorem, which states that there is no solution for the equation xn + yn = zn if n is an integer greater than 2 and x, y, and z are nonzero integers. She proved the special case in which x, y, z, and n are all relatively prime (have no common divisor except for 1) and n is a prime smaller than 100