1. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 1 Roy A. Lacey What do flow measurements tell us about the Hot QCD matter created in RHIC Collisions ?

2. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 2 The Central Question

3. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 3 A “little Bang” occurs in RHIC collisions Gold nucleus Gold nucleus v~0.99c z:collision axis t 0 t = z/c t = -z/c Thermalized partonic Fluid! QGP?  Bjorken  ~ 5 - 15 GeV/fm 3 ~ 35 – 100 ε 0 Challenge:  Develop Constraints for the Properties of the QGP ?

4. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 4 Substantial elliptic, hexadecapole, etc flow signals should be present for a variety of particle species   Constraints for thermalization, pressure, sound speed, viscosity, etc. From E T Distributions Expect Large Pressure Gradients  Hydro Flow Detailed integral and differential Measurements now available for Control Params. Why Flow Measurements?

5. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 5

6. 6 How to tell if Flow is Hydrodynamic  Fluid hydrodynamics is scale invariant.  Important parameters There are several generic scaling predictions that can be readily tested; System size independence Buda Lund Hydro Model nucl-th/0310040 v 2 should scale with KE T ( WHY ? ) P P All scaling tests can be validated Relationship between harmonics is specific

7. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 7 Eccentricity Scaling ? Data validates the Hydro prediction that v 2 scales with Data validates the Hydro prediction that v 2 scales with “a proxy eccentricity” & system size

8. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 8 There are sound reasons for “Proxy ε’’ scaling! Why “proxy ε’’ Scaling? x k We understand this Molnar et al.

9. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 9 Which ε scaling ? http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/nucl-ex/0610037 v2v2  =? Eccentricity Scaling ? Misleading !!

10. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 10 “eccentricity’’ Scaling? “Proxy ε scaling’’ validated The clincher !

11. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 11 KE T scaling validated P P KE T Scaling? PHENIX Pub Mesons Baryons Quark Degrees of Freedom Evident

12. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 12 A Phase with Quark-like dynamical degrees of freedom Dominates the flow Flow is Partonic and Universal Flow is Partonic and Universal v2 for the φ follows that of other mesons v2 for the D follows that of other mesons

13. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 13 The partonic fluid is Strongly coupled? KE T & n q 2 scaling validated for v 4 Quark recombination extend to lower pT/KE T

14. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 14 The partonic fluid is thermalized Quark Degrees of Freedom Evident

15. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 15 Lessons 1.Dynamic recombination 2. Partonic Thermalization! 3. Strongly coupled QGP The partonic fluid is thermalized

16. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 16 nucl-ex/0610029 A Remarkable Scaling of the fine structure of Elliptic Flow is observed at RHIC At midrapidity v 2 (pt,M,b,A)/n = F(KE T /n)*ε(b,A) This scaling validates the predictions of “perfect fluid” hydrodynamics and serve as an important constraint for several transport coefficients

17. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 17 F. Karsch, hep-lat/0601013 Speed of sound & Pressure Estimate v 2 /ε for ~ 0.45 GeV/cc s ~ 0.35 ± 0.05 (c s 2 ~ 0.12), so ft EOS See nucl-ex/0604011 for details The EOS is harder than that for the hadron gas but softer than that for QGP  no strong first order phase transition Hydro Calculations (Bhalerao et al.)

18. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 18 F. Karsch, hep-lat/0601013 Saturation of Elliptic flow consistent with a soft EOS associated with Crossover The expected saturation of v 2 Is observed The expected saturation of v 2 Is observed Phys.Rev.Lett.94:232302,2005

19. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 19 ModelComparison Transport Coefficient Estimates - I 1-2 X the conjectured lower bound Lacey et al. PRL 98:092301

20. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 20 Transport Coefficient from Transport Thermalization facilitated by 2  3 processes C. Greiner et al

21. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 21 Small viscosity results in large suppression Small viscosity results in large suppression An estimate of the scattering power Strong Jet Quenching is consistent with a low viscosity partonic fluid

22. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 22 x10 x20 QCD Sonic Boom Same-Side Jet High pT trigger Gives sound speed directly; Sets upper limit on viscosity. Setting an upper limit on The viscosity Setting an upper limit on The viscosity

23. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 23 Same-Side Jet Away-Side Jet High pT trigger Assoc. pTs (2+1) processes efficiently removed via two-event mixing to obtain true three particle correlations Deflected jetMach Cone Validation test of the use of two event mixing to remove 2+1 processes

24. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 24 Data Simulated Deflected jet Simulated Mach Cone The data validates the presence of a Mach Cone away-side jet Total 3PC jet correlations True 3PC jet correlations QCD Sonic Boom?

25. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 25 Lacey et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.98:092301 Nonaka et al. Curves to guide the eye Low Suggest trajectories close to the critical point ? Suggest trajectories close to the critical point ? hep-ph/0604138hep-lat/0406009 Hints of the CEP?

26. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 26 are a potent signals for the CEP are a potent signals for the CEP How to find the CEP? First estimate T ~ 165-170 μ ~ 150-180 MeV Need two energies immediately Meyer Kharzeev-Tuchin

27. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 27 Epilogue  Flow measurements tell us that the hot QCD matter created at RHIC is a strongly coupled plasma that: –flows as a (nearly) perfect fluid with systematic patterns consistent with quark degrees of freedom. –has a soft EOS and a viscosity to entropy density ratio close to the conjectured quantum bound – a value lower than for any other known fluid. A Wealth of other Experimental Results Provide Constraints A Wealth of other Experimental Results Provide Constraints for first estimates of the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties for first estimates of the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of the plasma of the plasma Extracted Transport Coefficients Suggest Decay Trajectories “close’’ to the Critical End Point (CEP) First estimate T ~ 165-170 μ ~ 150-180 MeV Need two energies immediately

28. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 28 Elliptic Flow at SPS (Pb+Pb at 158 GeV, NA49) V2 of K0 (preliminary) - G. Stefanek for NA49 collaboration (nucl-ex/0611003) v2 of p, π, Λ - C. Alt et al (NA49 collaboration) nucl-ex/0606026 submitted to PRL Scaling ?

29. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 29 Is the Matter Short-lived? Two particle Interferometry Studies Source function (Distribution of pair separations) Encodes FSI Correlationfunction Inversion of this integral equation  Source Function 3D Koonin Pratt Eqn. New ! Expand R(q) and S(r) in Cartesian Harmonic basis (Danielewicz and Pratt nucl-th/0501003) Substitute (2) and (3) into (1)

30. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 30 L=0 L=2 The basis The Matter is Short-lived? Correlation Moments Fitting with truncated expansion series ! Danielewicz

31. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 31 Source Function The Matter is Short-lived? Correlation Moments NR R A Broad Distribution of Relative Emission Times Accounts for the data

32. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 32 Same-Side Jet Away-Side Jet High pT trigger Assoc. pTs Same-Side Jet High pT trigger Deflected jet Mach Cone Normal Jet 3-Particle di-jet correlations allow a distinction between different mechanistic scenarios ! Same-Side Jet High pT trigger

33. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 33 D-meson essentially thermal Moore & Teaney Transport Coefficient estimate -II + Molnar Transport Model comparison

34. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 34 Flow at RHIC ?

35. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 35 Eccentricity scaled v 2 -- Hydro Eccentricity scaled v 2 has a relatively strong dependence on c s Bhalerao, Blaizot, Borghini, Ollitrault : Phys.Lett.B627:49-54,2005

36. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 36  Apparent Quark number scaling PHENIX preliminary Quark number Scaling – Partonic Flow nucl-ex/0604011 Consistent with quark-like degrees of freedom in the initial flowing matter Fries Phys. Rev. C68, 2003

37. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 37

38. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 38  High p T (1) Assoc. p T s (2,3) Same Side Away Side *  12 *  13 *  _ = *  12 = 

39. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 39 Scaling breaks  Elliptic flow scales with KE T up to KE T ~1 GeV  consistent with hydro mass scaling  Possible hint of quark degrees of freedom become apparent at higher KE T Baryons scale together Mesons scale together PHENIX preliminary Transverse kinetic energy scaling P P

40. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 40

41. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 41 Beam Energy dependence The observed saturation of differential elliptic flow suggests a soft EoS Phys.Rev.Lett.94:232302,2005 (PHENIX)

42. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 42 Elliptic flow of D meson The D meson not only flows, it scales over the measured range expected D meson v2 from non-photonic electron v2 (pT < 2.0 GeV/c) Simulations: Shingo Sakai (PHENIX) (See SQM2006, HQ2006 Talks and proceedings for details)

43. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 43 KE T /n scaling across collision centralities KE T /n scaling observed across centralities

44. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 44 KE T /n scaling and system size (AuAu/CuCu)

45. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 45 Pre vs. post hadronic collectivity ? Hadronic re-scattering can influence the flow Different influence for partonic flow

46. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 46 Why the φ meson ?  φ meson has a very small σ for interactions with non- strange particles  φ meson has a relatively long lifetime (~41 fm/c) -> decays outside the fireball  Previous measurements have ruled out the K+K- coalescence as φ meson production mechanism -> information should not be changed by hadronic phase  φ is a meson but as heavy as baryons (p, Λ ) : m(φ)~1.019 GeV/c2 ; (m(p)~0.938 GeV/c2: m(Λ)~1.116 GeV/c2) -> very important test for v2 at intermediate pt ( mass or meson/baryon effect?)

47. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 47 Signal + Background Background Before subtraction After subtraction Elliptic flow of resonance particles Using the robust method for study the elliptic flow of resonance particle developed by N. Borghini and J.Y. Ollitrault (Phys.Rev.C70:064905,2004) N. BorghiniJ.Y. Ollitrault

48. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 48 Elliptic Flow of φ meson at RHIC v 2 for the φ follows that of other mesons v 2 /n vs KE T /n scaling clearly works for φ mesons Favors pre-hadronic scenario !

49. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 49 The Charm of D meson flow V 2 of charm quark can provide invaluable access to the diffusion coefficient (D) Heavy quark relaxation time Moore & Teaney Equilibration rate Diffusion Coefficient

50. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 50 Overall Scaling of Elliptic Flow at RHIC Particles flow with common velocity field

51. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 51 Transport Coefficient estimate - I

52. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 52 Elliptic Flow ? (At Duke) At Rhic

53. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 53 STA R “RHIC Facility”

54. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 54 Why Elliptic Flow ? –The dense nuclear overlap is ellipsoid at the beginning of heavy ion collisions –Pressure gradient is largest in the shortest direction of the ellipsoid –The initial spatial anisotropy evolves (via interactions and density gradients )  Momentum-space anisotropy –Expansion dynamics is controlled by the sound speed & the viscosity – Rapid Thermalization required Reaction plane X Z Y PxPx PyPy PzPz

55. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 55 Elliptic Flow ? (At Duke) At Rhic

56. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 56 Estimating the eccentricity  Estimates from Model calculations Integrated v 2 is proportional to the eccentricity

57. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 57 Substantial elliptic flow observed for a variety of particle species  Indication of rapid Thermalization ? Summary of a sampling of the Fine Structure of Elliptic Flow at RHIC V2 =F(pt, mass, centrality, rapidity, system size, beam energy,…)

58. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 58 Large Pressure Gradients compatible with perfect fluid hydrodynamics ! Initial hints of perfect fluid hydrodynamics !

59. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 59 Which Probes ? Elliptic FlowFemtoscopy QCD Sonic Boom Probes derived from the influence of the equation of state on the collective dynamical evolution of the system

60. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 60 Eccentricity scaling in Hydro Eccentricity scaling observed in hydrodynamic model over a broad range of centralities R: measure of size of system Bhalerao, Blaizot, Borghini, Ollitrault : Phys.Lett.B627:49-54,2005 This is a clear test that can be applied to data !

61. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 61 Eccentricity scaled v 2 -- Hydro Eccentricity scaled v 2 has a relatively strong dependence on c s Bhalerao, Blaizot, Borghini, Ollitrault : Phys.Lett.B627:49-54,2005

62. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 62 The Femtoscopic Probe Probes derived from the influence of the equation of state

63. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 63 The transition from in-plane to out-of-plane and back to in-plane emission Is understood Prologue: Prologue: The Rich Structure of the Integral Flow Excitation Function

64. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 64 PRL87, 052301 (2001) Central collisions peripheral collisions time to thermalize the system (  0 ~ 0.2 - 1 fm/c)  Bjorken  ~ 5 - 15 GeV/fm 3 ~ 35 – 100 ε 0 Extrapolation From E T Distributions The Energy Density is Well Above the Predicted Value for the Phase Transition /crossover ! Phase Transition:Reminder High Energy density matter is created at RHIC! Reminder High Energy density matter is created at RHIC!

65. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 65 Prologue: Prologue: Passing-time scaling of squeeze-out Low Energy: Squeeze-out DATA (KAOS – Z. Phys. A355 (1996); (E895) - PRL 83 (1999) 1295

66. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 66 Prologue: Prologue: Constraints for the Hadronic EOS Soft and hard EOS Good Constraints for the EOS achieved Danielewicz, Lacey, Lynch

67. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 67 initial state pre-equilibrium QGP and hydrodynamic expansion hadronization hadronic phase and freeze-out Conjecture of heavy ion collision Backdrop Courtesy S. Bass Femtoscopy Signatures: Cross-over transition: Z. Fodor and S.D. Katz Strong 1st order QCD phase transition: (Pratt, Bertsch, Rischke, Gyulassy) Second order QCD phase transition: (T. Csörgő, S. Hegyi, T. Novák, W.A. Zajc) (Non Gaussian shape) Supercooled QGP (scQGP) (T. Csörgő, L.P. Csernai) Femtoscopic signals are subtle  paradigm shift

68. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 68 Extraction of Source function over full beam energy range Imaging & Fitting Moment Expansion Already discussed by Paul Chung Femtoscopy Stratedgy

69. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 69 The QCD phase diagram has a rich structure:  Studies of the nuclear phase diagram & transport coefficients over a broad range of μ & T is essential. F. Weber

70. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 70 Calculation of Correlation Moments: Fitting with truncated expansion series ! 6 independent moments (a)

71. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 71 A look at the basis L=0 L=2

72. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 72 Strategy Get values of Such that Fitwith moments as fitting parameters.

73. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 73 Results - moments Moments are fitted (simultaneously) or imaged !

74. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 74 Results - moments Sizeable signals observed for l = 2 for all beam energies PHENIX Preliminary

75. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 75 Results - moments l= 4 moments Sizeable signals observed for l= 4, 6 at RHIC – not so at the AGS PHENIX Preliminary

76. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 76 Results - Source functions AGS & Low energy SPS show Gaussian sources

77. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 77 The Charm of D meson flow The D meson not only flows, it scales over the measured range

78. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 78 Elliptic Flow of φ meson at RHIC v 2 for the φ follows that of other mesons v 2 /n vs KE T /n scaling clearly works for φ mesons Favors pre-hadronic scenario !

79. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 79 Phase Diagram for H 2 O Studies of the nuclear phase diagram & transport coefficients over a broad range of μ & T is essential

80. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 80 Nuclear Matter Phase Diagram The QCD phase diagram has a rich structure:  Studies of the nuclear phase diagram & transport coefficients over a broad range of μ & T is essential.

81. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 81 Nuclear Matter Phase Diagram The QCD phase diagram has a rich structure:  Studies of the nuclear phase diagram & transport coefficients over a broad range of μ & T is essential.

82. Roy A. Lacey, Stony Brook; Hot & Dense Matter in the RHIC-LHC era, Mumbai, Feb 12 - 14, 2008 82 End

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