1. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

2.  Of the following organisms, which is haploid (one set of chromosomes) and which is diploid (two sets of chromosomes)? ◦ Gametophytes ◦ Sporophytes ◦ Eggs or sperm

3.  Gametophytes are a haploid individual that produces gametes.  Sporophytes are a diploid individual that produces haploid spores.  Eggs or Sperm are haploid cells with only one set of chromosomes.

4.  During meiosis, after two divisions, how many cells are formed and what kind are they? (haploid or diploid)

6.  Of the following choices, which would most likely be a plant reproductive cell made by meiosis?  Spore  Clone  Sexual

8.  What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?  What is an advantage to asexual reproduction?  What is an advantage to sexual reproduction?

9.  Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parent.  Sexual reproduction produces offspring that is a combination of two parents.  Advantage to asexual reproduction is that it is simple and efficient.  Advantage to sexual reproduction is that it provides genetic diversity.

10.  What is a gametophyte?

11.  Plants and most multicellular protists have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid phase and a diploid phase called alternation of generations.  Sporophytes are the multicellular diploid phase in the life cycle of plants.  A sporophyte produces spores by meiosis.  A gametophyte is the haploid phase of a plant that makes gametes by mitosis.

12.  What type of reproduction include the following and what are they? ◦ Binary fission ◦ Budding ◦ Parthenogenesis ◦ Fragmentation

13.  Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes that split into two or more individuals of roughly the same size.  Budding occurs in organisms like yeast—new organisms split off of existing ones.  Parthenogenesis is a process in which a female makes an egg that grows into an individual and doesn’t need to be fertilized by a male.  Fragmentation occurs when the body breaks into several different pieces.

14.  What is a fertilized egg cell that is diploid called?

16.  What is alternation of generations mean and where does it occur?

17.  Plants and most multicellular protists have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid phase and a diploid phase called alternation of generations.  In plants, the multicellular dipolid phase is called a sporophyte which undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.  Spores form multicellular gametophytes.  Gametophytes form gametes by mitosis.  Gametes fuse and give rise to diploid phase.

18.  At which phase of meiosis do the chromatids remain attached at their centromeres?

20.  What does spermatognesis produce?  What does oogenesis produce?  What does gametogenesis produce?  Which ones produce haploid cells and which produce diploid cells?

21.  Spermatogenesis produces sperm  Oogensis produces eggs.  Gametogenesis produces gametes.  All of these are haploid.

22.  During which stage are the chromosomes attached at their centromeres to spindle fibers and lined up at the cell’s equator (center)?