1. Male Reproductive System
In the name of God
Male Reproductive System

2. Aims:  TO REVIEW THE COMPONENTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TESTIS
 TO IDENTIFY THE HISTOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ACCESSORY GLANDS

3. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male reproductive system is consists of
Testes
Genital ducts
- Intratesticular
- Extratesticular
Accessory glands Seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)
Copulatory organ
- Penis

4. Counterecurrent heat exchange system
The pampiniform plexus helps to regulate testicular temperature, allowing sperm maturation.
The plexus surrounds the testicular arteries and works as a countercurrent heat-exchange system to cool the arterial blood before it enters the testis.
Along with the pampiniform plexus of veins, temperature in the testis is controlled by sweat glands on the scrotum and by the cremaster muscle, which controls the proximity of the testis to the body.

5. Hydrocele
cryptochidism

7. Dr. Maria Zahiri

8.  TESTIS Tunica vaginalis
is a peritoneal outpouching that form a serous cavity that partially surrounds testis

9.  TESTIS

12. Reinke crystals are rod-like cytoplasmic inclusions which can be found in Leydig cells of the testes
 Occurring only in adult humans and wild bush rats, their function is unknown.
 can be visualized using Giemsa, trichrome, Gram, and PAS stains.
 Reinke crystals are rare in normal testes, but are found in approximately 1/3 of all Leydig cell tumours
These crystals are named after the German anatomist Friedrich Berthold Reinke

18. Blood testis barrier

19.  SPERMATOGENESIS THREE PHASES: SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)
- spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions to provide stem cells and cells which will proceed through spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes)
(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)
- diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial phase give rise to haploid cells (1n)
- Meiosis I (reduction division) & Meiosis II (equatorial division)
- 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form 2º spermatocytes which then enter Meiosis II and result in spermatids 5
exchange of genetic material in MI via crossing over
(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)
- spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa

21.  SPERMATOGENESIS
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Golgi complex
Bridge to
adjacent
spermatid
- acrosome formation; golgi granules fuse to form acrosome that contains hydrolytic enzymes which will enable the spermatozoa to move through the investing layers of the oocyte
Acrosome
Acrosomal
vesicle
Nucleus
Head
Axoneme
Mitochondria
- flagellum formation; centrioles and associate axoneme (arrangement of microtubules in cilia)
Basal
body
Midpiece
of tail
Flagellum
Excess
cytoplasm 1
Appearance of
acrosomal vesicle
and flagellum in
spermatid
- changes in size and shape of nucleus; chromatin condenses and shedding of residual body (cytoplasm) 2
Growth of
acrosome
and flagellum 3
Shedding of
excess
cytoplasm 4
Mature sperm
Figure 27.16

23. Oligospermia
V:<2 cc N:
Orchitis

25.  EFFERENT DUCTULES CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS
IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT NON-CILIATED CELLS
CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS; THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS 6

26.  EPIDIDYMIS RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES
DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS
SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION 7

27. EPIDIDYMIS
STEREOCILIA
MATURE SPERM
epididymus-04

28. EFFERENT DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMIS
epididymus-06

29. EFFERENT DUCTULES
EPIDIDYMIS
epididymus-07

30. epididymus-08
EPIDIDYMIS

32.  VAS DEFERENS CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH SEMINAL VESICLES
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS 8

33.  VAS DEFERENS 9

34. VAS DEFERENS H&E
vas-02

38.  SEMINAL VESICLES 13

39.  SEMINAL VESICLES 14

40.  PROSTATE SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA
PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES 10

42.  PROSTATE
SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 12

43.  PROSTATE PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS precipitation of secretory product
Corpora amylacea are small hyaline masses of unknown significance found in the prostate gland, neuroglia, and pulmonary alveoli
They are derived from degenerate cells or thickened secretions and occur more frequently with advancing age. While their significance is unknown, they can be used to identify these organs microscopically 11

44. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
PSA is produced for the ejaculate, where it liquefies semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely
 It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving cervical mucus allowing the entry of sperm into the uterus

45. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands
Its fibroelastic capsule contains smooth muscle cells as well as skeletal muscle fibers derived from urogenital diaphragm
Compound tubuloacinar glands with simple cuboidal to simple columnar
Gland acini surrounded by smooth muscle
Secretion is clear mucous released during sexual arousal for lubrication

46. Penis 3 cylindrical masses of highly vascularized erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa are dorsal
1 corpus spongiosum is ventral and surrounds urethra
Each of them enclosed by dense fibrous CT known as tunica albugina
corpus spongiosum end as a bulbous portion known as glans of penis
A common loose CT sheath surrounding all three corpora
Outer covering is skin
Skin form a retractable sheath over glans which is called prepuce
Prepuce lined by nonkeratinized stratified epithelium

48. Penis
Erectile tissue consists of venous spaces lined by unfenestrated endothelium and separated by septa of connective tissue and smooth muscle
Septa of corpus spongiosum has more elastic fiber and less smooth muscle
Capillary plexus in septa supply some blood to vascular spaces
The main source of blood during erection that flow into spaces are from helical arteries
Blood flows into venous spaces during erection and smooth muscle contraction slows outflow of blood

49. Urethra 15 – 20 cm long in male
Prostatic urethra cm long located in prostate, and is lined by transitional epithelium
Membranous urethra 1-2 cm long, it is pass through urogenital diaphragm, is lined by stratified columnar with patches of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Spongy urethra(Penile) 15 cm long, is lined by stratified columnar with patches of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
In the glans (the navicular fossa) it is lined by stratified squamous
Mucous glands of Littre found along urethra in lamina propria and subepithelial loose connective tissue

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