1. Explain Unalienable Rights, Social Contract, and Separation of Powers John Locke Unalienable Rights And Social Contract Charles Montesquieu Separation of Powers

2. Unalienable Rights Rights that cannot be taken away…Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

3. European Exploration – Beginnings of an American Identity Study Guide

4. Reasons for European Exploration  Claim land  Expand Empire  Become Rich  Trade Route to Asia  Compete with European Rivals

5. Effects of European Exploration  European Rivalries intensify  Exchange of Plants, Animals, and Diseases  Slavery  Immigrants coming to the New World

6. Mercantilism  An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade  Colonies are there to benefit the mother country

7. Columbian Exchange  Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

8. Joint-Stock Company  A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit  Will send colonists to the New World to make a profit

9. Jamestown, Virginia  1607  First permanent English colony in the New World  Founded to make a profit  Chesapeake Region  Early years were a struggle

10. House of Burgesses  1619  First elected/representative assembly in the New World  Example of Self Government…colonists making their own rule/laws

11. Pilgrims  Separatists…they wanted to separate from the Church of England  Founded Plymouth, Massachusetts  Wrote the Mayflower Compact  Celebrated the first Thanksgiving

12. Mayflower Compact  1620  Written by Pilgrims  Agreement to follow the rules and laws for the good of the colony  Example of self/representative gov’t

13. Great Migration  Period between 1630s and 1640s in which Puritans flee England

14. Puritans  Wanted to purify the Church of England  Left England to avoid persecution from King James I

15. Roger Williams  Founder of Rhode Island…1636  Puritan  Wants to separate Church and State

16. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  1639  First Constitution in the New World  Example of Self/Representative Gov’t

17. William Penn  Quaker  Founder of Pennsylvania…1681

18. Quakers  Religious Group  Believed all people should live in peace in harmony  Will live in the colony of Pennsylvania

19. James Oglethorpe  Founder of Georgia…1732  Created a safe haven for debtors and convicts

20. New England Region  Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire  Long winters and Rocky soil  Economy = Lumber, Fishing, Whaling, and Cattle

21. Middle Region  New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware  Milder winters and better soil than New England  Economy = Cattle, Fish, Fur, Timber, Wheat, Pigs, and Sheep

22. Southern Region  Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia  Excellent growing season and soil  Corn, Indigo, Pigs, Rice, and Tobacco  CASH CROPS…Slavery

23. Subsistence Farming  A farm that produces just enough food for the family with a little extra to trade  Practiced in the New England Region

24. Triangular Trade  A trade route with 3 stops

25. Great Awakening  A revival of religious feeling in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s

26. Jonathan Edwards  Preacher during the Great Awakening  Terrified listeners when he described God’s anger  Preached that colonists could be saved

27. George Whitefield  Preacher during the Great Awakening  Raised funds to start a home for orphans

28. The Enlightenment  Movement that emphasized science and reason as the paths to knowledge  Members tended to be wealthy and educated  John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Benjamin Franklin

29. John Locke  Came up with Unalienable Rights or Natural Rights as well as Social Contract

30. Unalienable Rights  Rights that you are born with  Rights that can not be taken away  Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness  Property was originally one of the Unalienable Rights

31. Social Contract  State that Government is there to protect the rights of the people. If the government fails to do so, the people can change the government  The people agree to follow the rules/laws of the government

32. Magna Carta  Document signed by King John in 1215  Will be the stepping stone towards granting basic rights to the English people

33. Parliament  England’s chief law making body  Colonists’ model for representative government

34. Glorious Revolution  1688  When King James is forced to flee England and William and Mary come into power  King James wanted to bring back the Catholic Church but was overthrown

35. English Bill of Rights  1689  Document that was signed by William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament  Rights of the people were strengthened

36. Salutary Neglect  The hands off policy of England towards the colonists from the 1600s to 1750s  This allowed the colonist to become accustomed to acting on their own (independent)

37. Push-Pull Factors  A factor that pushes people out of their native lands and pulls them toward a new place

38. Maryland Toleration Act (1649)  Stated all religions would be allowed in the colony of Maryland  Precursor to the First Amendment…freedom of Religion

39. Charles Montesquieu  Enlightenment Philosopher that came up with the idea of Separation of Powers…prevents one branch of government from having all the power