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Published byElvin Reynolds Modified over 8 years ago
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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
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El Capitan in Yosemite How did this form? www.nps.gov
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Classifying Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Based on how they formed
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Igneous Rock Rock that forms from magma Magma –mix of molten rock, gases and water vapor that forms underground Magma flows from volcanoes as lava and then hardens http://pubs.usgs.gov/ publications/text/Krafla. html
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Two types of igneous rock Intrusive rock - forms underground from hardened magma Cool slowly – create crystals
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Granite – cools slowly so crystals form
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Extrusive Rock – forms at Earth’s surface Cools quickly so no large crystals
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Obsidian – cools very rapidly so atoms can’t make crystals
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Sedimentary Rock Rock that forms over time as sediment is squeezed and cemented together Pressure causes the layers to compress
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Three types of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Organic
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Clastic Rock Sedimentary rocks that form from broken fragments of other rocks Ex. conglomerates
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Chemical Rock Formed when minerals precipitate out of solution Ex. Rock salt
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Organic Rock Form due to organic processes Ex. Calcium carbonate from marine shells limestone
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Metamorphic rock Rock that has been changed by temperature, pressure or reactions with hot water Made from all three types of rock
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Ex. Gneiss
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Rock Cycle Series of processes in which rocks continuously change from one type to another Caused by forces within the Earth and at the surface
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