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Collapse of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

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1 Collapse of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire

2 The Collapse of the Republic….The Rise of an Empire The Collapse of the Republic….The Rise of an Empire Roman Republic is strong and growing. No other civilization will challenge the Romans after Carthage was defeated and Mediterranean conquored. By 100 BC severe internal problems develop. Unrest within the Republic grew and the leadership was less able to handle disagreements within the Senate and Civil War broke out after Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus are killed.

3 Expansion of the Roman Republic

4 CIVIL WAR From 82 – 31 BC many civil wars occurred. In 59 BC 3 men were able to quiet the warfare and would become the new leaders for the Republic. Marcus Crassus was a popular patrician from Rome. Pompey and Julius Caesar were strong military generals.

5 FIRST TRIUMVIRATE These 3 combined power to form the 1st TRIUMVIRATE. Each man was given his own region of the Republic to run.These 3 combined power to form the 1st TRIUMVIRATE. Each man was given his own region of the Republic to run. Crassus was given the east (the land beyond the Euphrates River).Crassus was given the east (the land beyond the Euphrates River). Pompey stayed in Rome (Used to be Caesar’s son-in-law).Pompey stayed in Rome (Used to be Caesar’s son-in-law). Caesar would control central and western Europe, also known as Gaul.Caesar would control central and western Europe, also known as Gaul.

6 The End Approaches Crassus was killed in battle by the Syrian army. Crassus was killed in battle by the Syrian army. Caesar’s army would conquer all of Europe under his leadership. Caesar’s army would conquer all of Europe under his leadership. Pompey was afraid and jealous of Caesar’s success. Pompey was afraid and jealous of Caesar’s success. Caesar was ambitious. He wanted to come back to Rome and take control after Crassus died. Caesar was ambitious. He wanted to come back to Rome and take control after Crassus died. Pompey didn’t help matters by antagonizing Caesar and threatening him. Pompey didn’t help matters by antagonizing Caesar and threatening him.

7 “Crossing of the Rubicon” 1-10-49 BC ► Caesar leads his army into Rome and forces Pompey to flee. Crosses the Rubicon River (point of no return). ► Pompey goes to Egypt where he is decapitated by Caesar’s allies.

8 Dictator for Life ► Caesar was named Augustus -supreme ruler and dictator for life (supposed to be a temporary title). ► Friends and senators of Rome who wanted to preserve the Republic recognized Caesar’s ambition and conspired to assassinate him.

9 “The Ides of March” 3-15-44 BC Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius, his best friend and his brother-in-law, who feared his power, influence and popularity. “Et tu Brute?” were his final words. (You too Brutus?)

10 Caesar’s assasination marks the end of the Roman Republic.

11 The 2 nd Triumvirate Roman Government attempts to install a 2 nd Triumvirate. Octavius (Caesar’s nephew and heir), Marc Antony (politician and general), and Marcus Lepidus (patrician) were chosen. The 2nd Triumvirate would end in 33 B.C. because of jealousy and ambition.

12 End of the 2 nd Triumvirate Antony and Octavian began fighting each other because they both wanted to rule by themselves (Antony was actually married to Octavian’s sister and Octavian was married to Antony’s stepdaughter). Lepidus was not as strong and was exiled by Octavian. Antony had been living in Alexandria with Cleopatra VII. They became lovers and military allies.

13 Octavian vs. Marc Antony Octavian obtained a copy of Marc Antony’s will. It stated that his children by Cleopatra would receive his fortune and his body would be buried in Alexandria. Octavian showed this will to the Roman Senate and they were outraged. Senate declared war on Cleopatra.

14 Marc Antony and Cleopatra Eventually they would commit suicide because of a military defeat at Actium against Octavian’s forces. Marc Antony stabbed himself with a sword and Cleopatra was bitten by a poisonous snake. Octavian would win the war and declare himself Rome’s first Emperor

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