1. A Divided Kingdom: The Books of I & II Kings
Jehu’s Revolt
II Kings Chapter 9-10

2. Announcements

3. II Kings Week Date Topic 1 05 Dec 12
The Bible before 2nd Kings – A Summary 2
12 Dec 12
Allies and Enemies: The World of the Israelites 3
19 Dec 12
Judgment on Ahaziah: II Ki 1 4
26 Dec 12
Elijah, Moab, and Naaman: II Ki 2-4 5
02 Jan 13
Elisha the Prophet: II Ki 5-8 6
09 Jan 13
Jehu’s Revolt: II Ki 9:1-10:28 7
16 Jan 13
After Jehu until the Fall of Samaria, Pt 1: II Ki 11-14 8
23 Jan 13
After Jehu until the Fall of Samaria, Pt 2: II Ki 15-17 9
30 Jan 13
Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 1: II Ki 18-19 10
06 Feb 13
Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 2: II Ki 20-21 11
13 Feb 13
Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 3: II Ki 22-23 12
20 Feb 13
Judah after the Fall of Isreal, Pt 4: II Ki 24-25 13
27 Feb 13
Summary of Kings

4. Today’s Objectives
Review previous weeks lesson (II Kings 6-8 – story of how Elisha’s ministry expanded, siege of Samaria, and death of Ben Hadad, king of Syria)
Review historical maps of Israel and the region
Learn how Jehu is anointed king
Learn how and where Jehu kills Joram, king of Israel, and Ahaziah, king of Judah
Learn what Jehu does to the rest Ahab’s family, including Jezebel, as well as his allies
Learn how Jehu rids Israel of Baal worshipping

5. Previous Lesson
Reviewed lesson of December 10th (II Kings 2-5 – story of Elisha’s ascension)
Reviewed historical maps of Israel and the region
Learned about the expansion of Elisha’s ministry
Learned why the king of Syria wants to capture Elisha
Learned about the siege of Samaria and how God intervenes through Elisha
Learned what happens to Ben-Hadad, king of Syria
Learned about two successive kings in Judah
Elisha performs miracles (Axe head)
King of Syria thought Elisha was spying for Israel on Syria’s troop movements
Syria’s flee Samaria out of fear that Hittites were approaching
Ben-Hadad fell sick, recovered but was killed by Hazael:
Ben-Hadad questions Elisha (8:7-9)
Ben-Hadad is sick and asks Elisha to consult with God and tell him of his fate
Elisha’s prophecy (8:10-13)
Elisha tells Hazael that Ben-Hadad will recover
However, prophecies that Hazael will murder Ben-Hadad
And, that Hazael will become king over Syria
Hazael kills Ben-Hadad (8:14-15)
Hazael tells Ben-Hadad that he would recover
But then Hazael kills him the next day

6. Overview of I and II Kings
Originally one book
Early Greek manuscripts of the OT combined the books of Samuel and Kings under the title of "kingdoms," or "reigns"
Kings was broken into two books for convenience sake because of its length (Greek translation)
Authorship
Some portions of the book identical to the book of Jeremiah
Jeremiah would have personal knowledge of some contents
Evidence that Ezra was the author after the Babylonian captivity
Timeline
Approximately 400 years, written between 560 B.C. and 538 B.C.
Start: Death of David in 971 B.C.
End: Jehoiachin's release from a Babylonian prison in 562 B.C.
First and Second Kings were originally one book, called in the Hebrew text, “Kings,” from the first word in 1:1. The Greek translation of the OT, the Septuagint (LXX), divided the book in two, and this was followed by the Latin Vulgate (Vg.) version and English translations. The division was for the convenience of copying this lengthy book on scrolls and codexes and was not based on features of content. John MacArthur, The MacArthur Bible Handbook
The LXX and Vg. connected Kings with the books of Samuel, so that the titles in the LXX are “The Third and Fourth Books of Kingdoms” and in the Vg. “Third and Fourth Kings.” The books of 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Kings combined are a chronicle of the entire history of Judah’s and Israel’s kingship from Saul to Zedekiah. First and Second Chronicles provides only the history of Judah’s monarchy. John MacArthur, The MacArthur Bible Handbook
Jewish tradition proposed that Jeremiah wrote Kings, though this is unlikely because the final event recorded in the book (see 2 King 25:27–30) occurred in Babylon in 561 b.c. Jeremiah never went to Babylon, but to Egypt (Jer. 43:1–7), and would have been at least 86 years old by 561 b.c. Actually, the identity of the unnamed author remains unknown. Since the ministry of prophets is emphasized in Kings, it seems that the author was most likely an unnamed prophet of the Lord who lived in exile with Israel in Babylon. John MacArthur, The MacArthur Bible Handbook
For similarities between Kings and Jeremiah - see 2 Ki 24:18-25 and Jer 52; 39:1-10, and 40:7-41:10

7. Overview of I and II Kings
Books of Samuel and Kings cover Israel's period as a nation under a king:
I Samuel: Life of Saul
II Samuel: Life of David
I Kings: Solomon and the divided kingdom
II Kings: The fall of the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah
Content of I and II Kings
47 chapters (I Ki – 22 chapters, II Ki – 25 chapters)
History of the Jewish commonwealth
Death of David to subjugation to Babylonians

8. Overview of I and II Kings
Purpose
Imparting of great moral lessons backed up by well-known illustrations
Religious history
Focused upon kings rather than prophets
Key Lesson
God does not fail His people; His people, led by their kings, have failed God
God’s covenant has the contingency of Israel’s faithfulness
Covenant also promises a return from exile those that return to God
The book of Kings is ultimately answering the question, “In light of God’s covenant with Abraham (the land) and with David (an everlasting throne), how did all of this happen to us?” The answer: “God has not failed his people; his people, led by their kings, have failed their God. The covenants, after all, have the contingency of Israel’s faithfulness written into them. But the covenant also promises return from exile for those who return to Yahweh (Deut 30:1-10).

10. Main Characters of Chapter 9-10
Elisha – Prophet of God, taught by Elijah
Jehu - A commander in the army of Israel, under King Ahab and his son, King Joram. Anointed in 1 Kings 19:16-18 as the successor to the Omri dynasty
Joram – King of Israel, son of Ahab, grandson of Omri
Hazael – King of Syria who fought against Israel
Rechab: Founder of the Rechabites, protested the immoral and impure lives of many in Israel and Judah.
1 Kings 19: Also, anoint Jehu son of Nimshi king over Israel, and anoint Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah to succeed you as prophet. 17 Jehu will put to death any who escape the sword of Hazael, and Elisha will put to death any who escape the sword of Jehu. 18 Yet I reserve seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have not bowed down to Baal and all whose mouths have not kissed him."

11. Places of Chapter 9-10
Ramoth Gilead - A great and strong city East of the Jordan in the territory of Gad, which played an important part in the wars of Israel
Jezreel - A town of Issachar where the kings of Israel often resided
Samaria – Capital of the northern kingdom of Israel
Ramoth-gilead
Heights of Gilead, a city of refuge on the east of Jordan; called “Ramoth in Gilead” (Deu_4:43; Jos_20:8; Jos_21:38). Here Ahab, who joined Jehoshaphat in an endeavour to rescue it from the hands of the king of Syria, was mortally wounded (1 Kings 22:1-36). A similar attempt was afterwards made by Ahaziah and Joram, when the latter was wounded (2Ki_8:28). In this city Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat, was anointed by one of the sons of the prophets (2Ki_9:1, 2Ki_9:4).
It has with probability been identified with Reimun, on the northern slope of the Jabbok, about 5 miles west of Jerash or Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis. Others identify it with Gerosh, about 25 miles north-east of es-Salt, with which also many have identified it. (See RAMATH-MIZPEH.)

13. Jehu is Anointed and Declared King (II Kings 9:1-13)
Elisha’s instructions (9:1-3)
Elisha calls a son of the prophets
Instructs him to go to Ramoth Gilead, pour oil on Jehu
God will anoint him king over Israel (remember, Joram, son of Ahab, son of Omri was king)
Jehu is anointed and commissioned (9:4-10)
The young prophet carries out the task around 841 B.C.
Jehu, commander of the army in Israel, is anointed king
Only king of the northern kingdom to be anointed
Instructed to strike down the house of Ahab, all males would be cut off and dogs would eat Jezebel
In Jewish tradition, the young prophet is Jonah (2 Ki 14:25 - He was the one who restored the boundaries of Israel from Lebo Hamath to the Sea of the Arabah, in accordance with the word of the LORD, the God of Israel, spoken through his servant Jonah son of Amittai, the prophet from Gath Hepher.)
Jehu’s reign - Jehu is mentioned twice in the cuneiform inscriptions on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III The Shalmaneser inscriptions also give us an objective date for this period in Hebrew chronology, 841 b.c.

14. Jehu is Anointed and Declared King (II Kings 9:1-13)
Jehu is declared king over Israel (9:11-13)
Jehu emerges with his head drenched in oil
By a young prophet sent by Elisha
What were the other servant to think?
They learn of Jehu’s anointing and pronounce him king

15. Jehu Brings God’s Judgment to Omri (II Kings 9:14-37)
Jehu conspires against King Joram (9:14-20)
Joram had been defending Ramoth Gilead against Hazael, king of Syria
Joram returns to Jezreel to recover from wounds
Jehu did not want anyone in Jezreel to hear of his anointing, then travels to Joram
Watchmen notice Jehu, approach him to ask his business, and then end up joining his company
Jehu kills King Joram (9:21-24)
Met Joram and Ahaziah on the property of Naboth
Jehu kills Joram (also called Jehoram) with an arrow
Property of Naboth. Naboth the Jezreelite: This was the land that Ahab and Jezebel had so wickedly obtained by murdering the innocent owner of the land – Naboth. On this very land – which, as far as God was concerned, still belonged to Naboth – the dynasty of Omri would meet its judgment.
Jehu was a good bowman. It was God that guided his hand, strengthened his arm (Ezekiel 30:24), and ordered his arrow (Jeremiah 1:9).

16. Jehu Brings God’s Judgment to Omri (II Kings 9:14-37)
Joram’s body dumped on Naboth’s land (9:25-26)
Ahab and Jezebel had so wickedly obtained this land by murdering the innocent owner of the land
Jehu also kills Ahaziah, king of Judah (9:27-29)
Jehu and his men pursue and kill Ahaziah at Gur
Ahaziah dies at Megiddo
Jezebel is killed (9:30-37)
Vainly, Jezebel speaks to Jehu, calling him Zimri
Eunuchs side with Jehu, throw Jezebel out the window
Jehu tramples her body with horses and celebrates afterwards
Zimri – Assassinated King Baasha of Israel. He was also a commander in the army of King Baasha. Also, remember that the dynasty of Omri ended the reign of Zimri. (1 Kings 16:9-10,  9And his servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired against him, as he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza steward of his house in Tirzah.
 10And Zimri went in and smote him, and killed him, in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his stead.)

17. Jehu Executes the House of Ahab (II Kings 10:1-17)
Ahab’s descendents are executed (10:1-11)
Ahab had 70 sons throughout Samaria
Jehu sent a letter to the rulers of Jezreel, the elders, and all those that reared Ahab’s sons
Either fight me or bring me the heads of the 70 sons
They decided to execute the 70 sons and brought the heads to the gates
Jehu then killed all of Ahab’s great men, acquaintances, and priests
Jehu executes Ahaziah’s family (10:12-14)
42 members, all brothers of Ahaziah

18. Jehu Executes the House of Ahab (II Kings 10:1-17)
Jehu executes the rest of Ahab’s family
Jehu departs for Samaria
Meets Jehnoandab, son of Rechab, takes him with him
Upon reaching Samaria, Jehu kills the rest of Ahab’s family still living in Samaria
Recabites: Jeremiah records that Jehonadab was the leader of an aesthetic group that lived an austere, nomadic life in the desert, drinking no wine and depending solely on the Lord for their sustenance. Separatists to the core and strong patriots, they lived in protest to the materialism and religious compromise in Israel

19. Jehu Strikes Against Baal Worship (II Kings 10:18-31)
Jehu arranges a big sacrifice for Baal (10:18-23)
Bears false witness to Baal to trick his followers
Announces to all the servants and priests of Baal that he will have a big sacrifice
Goes to great pain to make sure only worshipers of Baal are present and no worshippers of God are around
Jehu wipes out Baal worship in Israel (10:24-28)
Jehu orders his men to go in a kill all present at the Baal worship
Burned all the sacred pillars and tore down the temple of Baal

20. Jehu Strikes Against Baal Worship (II Kings 10:18-31)
Half-way obedience of Jehu (10:29-31)
Jehu did not turn away from the golden calves at Bethel and Dan
However, God grants him the throne of Israel through four generations
Jehu did not walk in the law of the Lord God of Israel

21. Summary of Jehu’s Reign (II Kings 10:32-36)
Syria captures large portions of Israel (10:32-33)
Hazael captures all the territory from the Jordon, eastward include land of Gilead, Gad, Reuben, Manasseh
Summary of Jehu’s reign (10:34-36)
Jehu’s reign lasted 28 years
Jehu dies and his buried in Samaria
Johoahaz, his son, reigns in his place

22. Review
Reviewed previous weeks lesson (II Kings 6-8 – story of how Elisha’s ministry expanded, siege of Samaria, and death of Ben Hadad, king of Syria
Reviewed historical maps of Israel and the region
Learned how Jehu was anointed king
Learned how and where Jehu kills Joram, king of Israel, and Ahaziah, king of Judah
Learned what Jehu does to the rest Ahab’s family, including Jezebel, as well as his allies
Learned how Jehu rids Israel of Baal worshipping