1. HS1 – Section 4 Blood/Heart/Circulation Part 1 - Blood

2. Blood Facts Average adult = 8-10 pints of blood Hematology = Study of Blood

3. Functions of Blood Transports nutrients, O2, cellular waste products, & hormones Aids in distribution of heat Regulates acid-base balance Helps protect against infection

4. Components of Blood

5. What is Blood made up of? 1. Plasma 2.Erythrocytes (RBC’s) 3.Leukocytes (WBC’s) 4. Thrombocytes

6. Plasma liquid portion of blood, transports Straw colored – contains: Water (90%) Blood proteins Plasma proteins FIBRONOGEN – needed for blood clotting, synthesized in the liver ALBUMIN – from the liver, helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure and volume PROTHROMBIN – a globulin which helps blood coagulate. Vitamin K necessary for prothrombin synthesis. Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, enzymes Metabolic waste products

7. Erythrocytes Erythro = Red Cyte = Cell Shape = biconcave discs Carries O2 Erythropoiesis = Manufacture of red blood cells -Occurs in bone marrow -Red cells live 120 days -Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver Hemolysis = rupture or bursting of erythrocyte, can be from a blood transfusion or disease.

8. Erythrocytes Cont… Hemoglobin Gives RBCs their red color; heme => iron (Fe) & globin => protein Function of Hemoglobin: Red cells travel through the lungs where O 2 is carried to tissues and released CO 2 picked up and carried back to lungs for exchange Arterial blood –> lots of O 2 = bright red Venous blood –> lots of CO 2 = dark crimson

9. Leukocytes Leuko = White Cyte = Cell Larger than erythrocytes Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800 Group of cell that fights infections 2 Main Types -Granulocytes (formed in bone marrow) -Neutrophils (performs phagocytosis) -Eosinophils (involved in parasitic infections) -Basophils (secretes heparin (anticoagulant) ) - Agranulocytes (formed in bone marrow, lymph glands, & spleen) -Lymphocytes (produces antibodies) -Monocytes

10. Leukocytes Cont… PHAGOCYTOSIS – process when WBCs surround, engulf, and digest harmful bacteria. DIAPEDESIS – when WBC’s move through capillary wall into neighboring tissue.

11. Leukocytes Cont… Inflammation Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma Cause: disease producing organisms S&S: redness, localized heat, swelling and pain Why? Bacterial toxins, increased blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues (edema) Leukocytes Cont…

12. Inflammation HISTAMINE increases the blood flow to the injured area PUS produced – a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma ABSCESS – pus-filled cavity below the epidermis

13. Leukocytes Cont… Inflammation Cont… Inflammation PYREXIA – increase in body temp by the hypothalamus – in response to pathogenic invasion LEUKOCYTOSIS – increase in the number of white cells in response to infection LEUKOPENIA – decrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation Leukocytes Cont…

14. Thrombocytes “Platelets” Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process “coagulation”

15. ANTICOAGULANTS – prevent blood clotting HEPARIN = antiprothrombin PROTHROMBIN – dependent on Vitamin K Thrombocytes “Platelets”

16. Blood Types

17. Four major types of blood: A, B, AB & O Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell

18. Blood Types Cont… Antibodies ANTIBODY – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign substance that enters the body. Type A blood has b antibodies Type B blood has a antibodies Type AB blood has no antibodies Type O blood has a and b antibodies UNIVERSAL DONOR O UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT AB

19. Blood Types Cont… RH Factor Red cells also may contain Rh factor If you have it, you’re Rh + If you don’t, you’re Rh – Negatives may only receive negatives Positives can receive negative or positive Problem will result with pregnancies and their infant as well as possible hemolysis or transfusion reaction

20. Donating & Receiving Blood Products

21. Possible Blood Types of a Child Parent 1AB BAAOOO Parent 2ABBAOBBABAO OXXXXXX AXXXXXXX BXXXXXXX XXXX