1. What is Life?  Any living thing is called an organism  To be an organism, you must meet five criteria. 1.Must be organized into cells 2.Must respond 3.Must use energy 4.Must grow and develop 5.Must reproduce Notice: The answers are not “breaths, needs water and food”…. Why?

2. Cell Theory  Cells weren’t discovered until the 1600’s, why?  In 1965 Robert Hooke used his microscope to view cork, and he named the empty boxes “cells”  Over the next 200 years, Scientists made many observations that lead to the cell theory.

3. Cell Theory  All organisms are made up of one or more cells. (unicellular or multicellular)  The cell is the basic unit of organization in an organism.  All cells come from cells. (Cells can grow and divide, making new cells)

4. An Organism’s Organization  Organelles  cells  tissue  organs  systems  organism!  Mitochondria  blood cell  heart  cardiovascular system  Mrs. Bryan

5. What makes a cell? The Chemical Building Blocks:  Carbohydrates: provides energy for your body, examples include starches, sugars, breads, pastas  Protein: Used by the cell for almost everything including transporting, building, and repairing.  Lipid: Type of fat, makes up the cell membrane as well as stores energy.  Enzyme: A type of protein that speeds up the building and breaking down of substances in an organism. One example in the human body is saliva.

6. Pro and Eu Song  Prokaryotes, prokaryotes, no nucleus no nucleus  Prokaryotes, prokaryotes only bacteria  Eu….. Karyotes have a nucleus  Eu…. Karyotes have a nucleus

7. Cells  All living things are made up of cells.  There are two types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Prokaryotes are only bacteria, and their cells lack a nucleus  Eukaryotes are everything living but bacteria, and their cells contain a nucleus. This includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists.  Organelles: Tiny working parts of the cell that help the cell function.  Organelle is to Cell as Organ is to Body

8. Cell Mambo   A little bit of Nucleus controls it all   And if it’s a plant cell it has a Cell Wall  A little Cell Membrane for in and out  Cilia and Flagella to move about  A little bit of Ribosomes to synthesize  The proteins that travel on the ER ride  A little bit of Golgi to package them  All these organelles are in your cells

9. Cell Wall  Cell Wall: Rigid structure that protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria Not part of an animal cell! This is what makes a plant “crunchy”

10. Cell Membrane  Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment All cells have a membrane! It is what holds the cell together.

11. Cytoplasm  Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane. The “jelly” that organelles live in

12. Nucleus  Organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA The “brain” of the cell.

13. Chloroplasts  Green, Chlorophyll-containing, plant-cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water Not found in animals or fungi.

14. Mitochondria  Cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy. Turns sugar into energy.

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum  Cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell Delivers materials in a cell

16. Golgi Body  Organelles that package cellular materials and transport them. Puts pieces of proteins together

17. Lysosome  An organelle that contains digestive chemicals and helps break down food molecules, wastes, and old warn out cell parts. Trash collectors

18. Vacuole  Organelle that stores water and other items in the cell Storage Bin, Large in plant cells

19. Ribosomes  Small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins. Assembly line

20. Bell Activity Answers 1.Nucleus 2.Chloroplast 3.Cell Membrane 4.Cell Wall 5.Mitochondria 6.Vacuole 7.Plant 8.Eukaryote 4. 2. 3. 1. 5. 6.

21. Active Transport  Movement of materials through the cell membrane using energy!  Where does the cell get this energy?  What does the mitochondria look like?  How can you remember that active transport requires energy?

22. Passive Transport  Movement of materials through the cell membrane without using energy.  Why would a cell need to transport some items without using energy??  What does the word passive mean?  How can you remember that passive transport does not require energy?

23. Osmosis  Movement of water molecules through the cell membrane.  Water gets its on special word….. why?  This is why I named the lab “Ossome carrots.  How will Ossome Carrots help you remember the word osmosis?

24. Diffusion  Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration  What is concentration (think Kool Aid)?  Smelling Demonstration!  How can you remember diffusion?  This is a form of passive transportation, why?

25. Homeostasis!  Balance of good/bad that keeps a cell or organism healthy.  How does osmosis help with homeostasis?  What about diffusion?