1. English I Notes: Wednesday: You all will be taking a formal assessment that is district mandated. Friday: A quiz on subject-verb agreement that is Mr. McKenna mandated.

2. Objectives: Students will be able to probe their background knowledge on subject- verb agreement, both as they use it in speech and in writing. They will be able to create an exit ticket explaining their comfort or concern with this grammatical concept.

3. Warm up: What’s wrong here? Correct me! Every pale tomato slice, wilted pickle, and brown lettuce leaf cost an extra 25 cents at Bernie's Burger Emporium. Not only the Smiths but also Tonya have agreed to try one of the world-famous chocolate-broccoli muffins. On the sidewalk is many little lizards sunning themselves on the hot concrete.

4. Better? Let’s get into it! Every pale tomato slice, wilted pickle, and brown lettuce leaf costs an extra 25 cents at Bernie's Burger Emporium. Not only the Smiths but also Tonya has agreed to try one of the world-famous chocolate-broccoli muffins. On the sidewalk are many little lizards sunning themselves on the hot concrete.

5. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

6. EVERY VERB MUST AGREE WITH ITS SUBJECT Singular Subject Plural Verb Plural Subject Singular Verb

7. The Stupidity of English Grammar To make a noun plural, we add –s Singular: girl Plural: girls To make a verb plural, we take away the –s. Singular: he talks Plural: they talk

8. Watch the Verb Endings! Singular I walk You walk He/She/It walk s Joe walk s The girl walk s Plural We walk You walk They walk Joe and Maria walk The girls walk

9. Remember the 3 irregular verbs: DO SingularPlural He doesThey do HAVE She has They have BE He is They are She wasThey were

10. Tip for Subject/verb Agreement Generally, if the subject doesn’t end in –S, the verb will. If the subject does end in –S, the verb won’t.

11. The girl dances. No –S on subject -S on verb

12. The girls dance. -S on subject No –S on verb

13. Compound subjects joined by “and” If there are two or more subjects joined by and, the subject must be plural, so the verb will not get an “s”. Example The boy and the girl dance. (= They dance.) No –S on verb

14. Compound subjects joined by “or” If there are two or more subjects joined by or, the verb agrees with the part of the subject closest to it. Examples: The professor or the students walk the halls. The students or the professor walks the halls.

15. Watch out for “Everybody” Everybody loves grammar! Everybody understands subject/verb agreement.

16. Further warnings: The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb. Each of these hot dogs is juicy. Everybody knows Mr. Jones. Either is correct.

17. Possible Pitfalls Sometimes, several words come between the subject and the verb. The student, though she had lots of problems in other schools, finds/find (?) her new class easy. The student, though she had lots of problems in other schools, finds her new class easy. The student finds her new class easy.

18. Prepositional phrases The subject can never be part of a prepositional phrase. Example The students in my class study / studies hard. X

19. Possible Pitfalls Sometimes, the subject will come after the verb, in questions or when sentence begins with there. Examples Why is he falling asleep? Why are they falling asleep? There is no excuse for such behavior. There are no excuses for such behavior.

20. Possible Pitfalls Relative Pronouns (who/which/that) can be either singular or plural, depending on the word they refer to. The student who works hard will succeed. The students who work hard will succeed.

21. How do I get this right? First, identify whether or not you have problems with subject/verb agreement. If you don’t have any problems with this, don’t worry about it! If you do have problems Identify the verb. Ask who or what is doing it. This will identify the subject. Say them together and make sure that they match in terms of number.

22. The subject and verb are the skeleton of every sentence. Make sure you fit those two important parts together correctly!