1. Waterflood Management Case Study - Goal  Change waterflood strategy early in waterflood to maximize recovery: 12 months of waterflood performance Predicted ultimate waterflood recoveries are only half what was forecast How do we increase waterflood recovery ?

2. Waterflood Management – How ?  Step 1 - Design optimal waterflood strategy: History match primary production  Step 2 - Change waterflood strategy continuously in real time to maximize recovery: Why ?  Primary history match does not normally require understanding vertical/areal heteregenities How ?  Downhole pressure data + tracer tests + simulator

3. Waterflood – Tracer versus Pressure  Pressure Advantages: Effect of pressure seen 10 times faster than tracer response  Time is money !

4. Proposed Waterflood Sweep in Unconformity After 650 days of flooding :

5. Proposed Waterflood Sweep in Upper After 650 days of flooding :

6. Pressure Contour Maps in Both Sands After 285 and 650 days of flooding :

7. Cumulative Production Map in Unconformity

8. Oil+Water Bubble Map in Upper Sand

9. Waterflood Results – Correct Perm Map Bypassed oil identified before water breakthrough Areas with water overinjection identified

10. Waterflood Study Case Study - Results  Downhole pressures/production information was used to:  Generate accurate permeability distribution maps in the model  Discover bypassed oil/overinjection long before breakthrough: Breakthrough anticipated in 3-96 months Water injection strategy changed within first 15 months  Waterflood recovery may now be doubled  Overall water injection rates reduced by 30%