1. CHOCOLATE MILK CONSEQUENCES A PILOT STUDY EVALUATING THE CONSEQUENCES OF BANNING CHOCOLATE MILK IN SCHOOL CAFETERIAS Study Authors: Andrew S. Hanks, David R. Just, and Brian Wansink Student Reviewer: Connie Bisesi

2. Background & Statistics  63.8% of milk available in school cafeterias is flavored milk  61.6% of all milk available is Chocolate milk  86 percent of girls and 64 percent of boys are calcium deficient  Calcium from milk is considered ideal because it's highly concentrated and easily absorbed by the body

3. Background & Statistics  Chocolate milk has twice as much sugar as white which poses the question, can removing chocolate milk from cafeterias reduce childhood obesity?  Students who purchased lunches through the National School Lunch Program, 2/3s choose chocolate milk over white milk

4. Objective of Study  If chocolate milk is removed from a school cafeteria, what will happen to overall milk selection and consumption?

5. Who is in the study?  Study took place in eleven elementary schools within Oregon  Kids were aged K-5  Total population in the district is 157,000 adults and students. Of that:  85% are Caucasian, 7.8% are Hispanic and 1.4% are African American  21.5% of the individuals are below the poverty line

6. Methods  Milk sales, and milk waste were measured in the 2010-2011 school year during September and October on a daily basis  In the 2011-2012 school year, districts removed chocolate milk in the 11 elementary schools and offered skim milk instead. Milk sales, and milk waste were measured on a daily basis during September and October  Milk waste was compared to fifteen elementary schools in the Midwest

7. Statistical Analysis  Milk sales were recorded via school computer systems  Aggregate daily milk waste was collected after students completed their meals. They poured their leftover milk into buckets. The buckets were then measured.  Milk waste at 15 Midwest schools were collected using the Quarter Waste Method

8. Other Changes?  Removal of chocolate milk wasn’t the only change in the school district. Other changes included:  Four elementary schools closed, transferring the students to the remaining elementary schools increasing enrollment by 35%  Lunch meal cycles changed from 5-week to 4-week  School lunch price increased from $2.25 to $2.50

9. As a Result of Banning Chocolate Milk...  Total daily milk sales decreased by 9.9%  White milk sales increased by 161.2 cartons per day but of that, 29.4% of the milk was thrown away  6.8% of students bought school lunches  Students consumed on average a decrease of 8 grams of sugar and 37 calories  Students consumed on average an increase of 1 gram of protein

10. Conclusion  Banning chocolate milk from schools may reduce caloric and sugar intake. This could positively benefit childhood obesity rates but as a result of removing chocolate milk students are consuming less milk and wasting more of it.

11. Discussion  Reducing sugar and caloric intake is extremely important in helping childhood obesity rates but is banning chocolate milk really going to have more benefits than cons? Calcium deficiency is the number one deficiency among today's youth. By banning chocolate milk in schools, that will only contribute to the increased numbers of calcium deficiency. Without adequate calcium intake, bone growth isn’t proper and the rates of broken bones will increase. So the main question is, is no milk better than chocolate milk?

12. Applications  As future nutrition professionals, we can use this study to consider options to make white milk more attractive to today’s youth.  How can we make white milk more normal to choose the chocolate?  Increased marketing and advertising  Increased nutrition education  Targeting parents and schools  Fun nutrition programming

13. References  http://proxy.lib.miamioh.edu/login?url=http://sear ch.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h& AN=95817739 http://proxy.lib.miamioh.edu/login?url=http://sear ch.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h& AN=95817739  http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=129387 http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=129387