1. Trade Margins Johan Åhman Statistics Sweden johan.ahman@scb.se

2. Trade Margins Background Trade margins are an important input factor in the SNA Trade margins in today’s Swedish SNA is deficient Higher quality would be a significant improvement of the SNA

3. Trade Margins NACE 51 in Sweden 2006 Turnover, SEK million 515 Non-agricultural intermediate products, waste and scrap; 366 761; 35% 514 Household goods; 234 798; 22% 512 Agricultural raw materials and live animals; 17 739; 2% 511 Trade agents; 34 146; 3% 513 Food, beverages and tobacco; 174 189; 17% 519 Other wholesale; 3 666; 0% 518 Machinery, equipment and supplies; 223 035; 21% Total turnover: 1 054 SEK billion (≈160 USD billion) No. of enterprises: 44 000

4. Trade Margins Stratification and sample Aim: cover all products required by NA 4- or 5-digit NACE level Larger heterogeneous industries -> larger samples Smaller homogeneous industries -> smaller samples Cut-off strategy – largest enterprises within each industry

5. Trade Margins Estimation [ 27 * (1 - 0,18) = 22,14 ] etc.

6. Trade Margins Estimation etc.

7. Trade Margins Estimation etc.

8. Trade Margins Variables 41 turnover variables in SBS 250 goods product groups in SNA 129 variables in TMS with turnover and margin required Excluding VAT and other taxes

9. Trade Margins Coordination with SBS Minimise sample size –Total trade turnover and cost available in SBS, considered to be of good quality –Reduction of sample size from 3 000 to 600 Simplify for respondents –Possible to pre-print as much information as possible (total turnover, trade turnover, trade cost, some turnover specifications)

10. Trade Margins Questionnaire design Basic information (total turnover, trade turnover etc.) Specification of trade turnover and margin per detailed product group Pre-printed if possible Variation depending on sub-industry and possibly previous information (SBS)

11. Trade Margins Example of questionnaire – pre- printed

12. Trade Margins Example of questionnaire – not pre-printed Variables depending on industry

13. Trade Margins Response rate 67 % un-weighted, 55 % weighted Possible reasons: –Response burden (SBS) –Sensitive information

14. Trade Margins Results matrix

15. Trade Margins Problems Sensitive information Problems with getting hold of the information Refined / non-refined goods Response burden

16. Trade Margins Conclusions Preliminary analysis show results are satisfying NA will make a more thorough analyse Business Structure Unit will also analyse results to see if they could be used internally Decision on if / when to conduct survey again

17. Trade Margins Thank you for listening! Questions or comments?