1. Ch. 3 The Constitution

2. Constitutional Convention 1787 in Philadelphia 55 delegates from 12 states (absent - Rhode Island) Purpose: Revise the Articles of Confederation

3. Delegates White businessmen Two important qualities: Education and Experience

4. Founding Fathers Present Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton James Madison George Washington (presided)

5. Founding Fathers Absent Thomas Jefferson

7. Representation in Congress

8. Large states wanted representation based on population.

9. Small states wanted equal representation no matter the population.

11. Two Houses 1. One based on population – “House of Representatives” 2. One based on equal representation – “Senate”

12. How to count slaves in state’s population

13. Southern States want to count their slaves as part of their population.

14. Northern States did not want to count slaves in order to keep control of Congress.

15. Three-Fifths Compromise Each slave would count as 3/5’s of other persons.

16. How to elect a President

17. Some felt that Congress should elect the President. The average person does not know enough to elect a President.

18. Others felt that the citizens should elect the President.

19. “Electoral College” Citizens would vote for electors and the electors would elect the President

20. National Government Becoming too Powerful

21. Anti-Federalists afraid states would lose power and people would lose rights.

22. Federalists felt a strong national government was the only way to survive.

23. Bill of Rights Religion Assembly Speech Petition Press

24. June 21, 1788, New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify.

25. We Have a Constitution.

26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ceb1wkSamG4 Liberty Kids: We the People

27. Constitution Structure Preamble Articles Amendments

28. Preamble Introduction to the Constitution

29. Preamble Goals “form a more perfect Union” States operate as a single country for the benefit of all Examples: U.S. Postal System, U.S. coins and paper money

30. Preamble Goals “establish Justice” All citizens are treated fairly and equally Examples: Court system, Jury System

31. Preamble Goals “insure domestic tranquility” Keep peace among the people Examples: National Guard, Federal Marshals on planes

32. Preamble Goals “provide for the common defense” Maintain armed forces to protect the country and its citizens from attack Examples: Army, Navy

33. Preamble Goals “promote the general Welfare” As much as possible, citizens will be free of poverty, hunger, and disease Examples: Clean air, better roads, Education

34. Preamble Goals “secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity” No American’s basic rights will be taken away now or in the future Examples: National Council on Disability, Commission on Civil Rights

35. Articles 1 st Article Legislative (Congress) 2 nd Article Executive 3 rd Article Judicial

36. Articles 4 th Article Relationship between states and national government 5 th Article Changing the Constitution

37. Articles 6 th Article General provisions about the government “Supremacy Clause” 7 th Article The Constitution needs nine states to approve it before it goes into effect

38. Amendments Changes to the Constitution There are 27 amendments to the present Constitution

39. Three Branches of Government Executive President (Enforces laws) Legislative Congress (Makes laws) Judicial Court System (Interprets laws)

41. Executive Appoints judges Veto Legislation Make Treaties

42. Legislative Override veto Impeach President and Judges Refuse to approve treaties Reject appointment of judges

43. Judicial Declare laws unconstitutional Declare acts of President unconstitutional

44. The Constitution’s Big Five Ideas 1.limited government 2.checks and balances 3.federalism 4.separation of powers 5.popular sovereignty

45. 1) Limited Government Belief that the government must not be permitted to do certain things Ex. Police need a warrant to enter your home. The government can't torture you. The government must give you a jury trial.

46. 2) Checks and Balances Keeps any branch from becoming too powerful. Each branch can check, or limit, the power of the others.

47. 3) Federalism The system in which power is shared between the states and the national (federal) government

48. 4) Separation of Powers Idea taken from Baron Montesquieu Three branches of Government Executive Legislative Judicial

49. 5) Popular Sovereignty People should have the right to rule themselves

50. 3 Types of Powers

51. 1) Enumerated Powers Powers given to the national government Ex: Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers (elastic clause)

52. Enumerated Ex. Conduct foreign affairs Raise and support an army Regulate trade

53. Enumerated Ex. Coin and print money Establish a postal system

54. 2) Reserved Powers given to state government Ex: Establish local governments Establish a public school system Conduct elections

55. 3) Concurrent Powers shared by state and national governments Ex: Enforce the laws Establish courts Collect taxes

56. Supremacy Clause Constitution is the “supreme law of the land” If any conflict between national and state laws, the national law wins