1. Scott Pennington

2. Born: February 19, 1473 Died: May 24, 1543 First to formulate a heliocentric model of the solar system. Assumed the planets moved in perfect circles. Legend has it that the first printed copy of De revolutionibus was placed in his hands on the very day he died.

3. Born: February 15, 1564 Died: January 8, 1642 “Father of Physics” “Father of Modern Science” Supported the heliocentric model of the solar system through his observations of Jupiter’s moons and the phases of Venus. Placed under house arrest for his views in 1634.

4. Born: December 14, 1546 Died: October 24, 1601 Known for the most accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations of his time. Lost his nose in a sword fight in 1566. He wore a realistic replacement made of silver and gold the rest of his life.

5. Born: December 27, 1571 Died: November 15, 1630 Best known for his 3 laws of planetary motion. He determined that the planets move in ellipses. He illegally appropriated Tycho Brahe’s observational data to complete his calculations and develop his laws.

6. Born: January 4, 1643 Died: March 31, 1727 Pioneering work in optics, calculus and motion. Developed the first mathematical theory of gravity. The Principia is considered to be one of the most influential books in the history of science. Its publication was payed for by Edmond Halley.