1. REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html

2. Remember from CELL BIO Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________ CHLOROPLASTS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS = sac-like photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids membranes inside chloroplast THYLAKOIDS GRANUM (pl. grana) Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

4. SPACES THYLAKOID SPACE STROMA cytoplasm http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG Gel-filled space Inside the thylakoid sac Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding thylakoid sac Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize ________________________________ into clusters called _____________________ PHOTOSYSTEMS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG Light absorbing PIGMENTS

6. LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS Molecule that carries = _______ Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS = ___________ ATP NADP + Images by Riedell

7. ________ + _____ + _____ → ____________ HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too ____________ is one of the carriers that cells use to transport high energy electrons. NADP + 2 e - H+H+ _______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Independent Reactions Light & Water Oxygen ATP NADPH

9. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS PHOTOSYSTEM II ATP SYNTHASE ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ↓ INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

10. PHOTOSYSTEM II It was discovered and named 1st ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I? Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

11. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS See an animation about the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.sw http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swf

12. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION Requires ______________ Molecules are part of ________________ Made up of __________________ connected by ______________________ & ___________________ Uses light energy to change ADP + P → _______ NADP + + 2e - + H + → _________ Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________ LIGHT ATP THYLAKOID membranes PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN NADPH H20H20 oxygen ATP SYNTHASE

13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Independent Reactions CALVIN CYCLE Light & Water Oxygen ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide Glucose

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

15. CO 2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated Sugars and other compounds 6-Carbon Sugar Produced Calvin Cycle See Calvin cycle animation

16. CALVIN CYCLE (also called _________________________) ____________ require ____________ Happens in _________ between thylakoids NADPH donates _______________ ATP donates _________________ CO 2 donates ______________ to make __________ LIGHT LIGHT INDEPENDENT ENERGY STROMA Hydrogen + electrons Carbon & oxygen GLUCOSE http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html DOES NOT

17. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. slow or stop

18. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally TEMPERATURE http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg

19. Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________. Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________ pH temperature DENATURE http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpghttp://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg REMEMBER CELL BIO

20. Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function.

21. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY See effect of light experiment http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm

22. THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides the _____________ we breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________ Carbon dioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen OXYGEN sugars

23. Go to Section: Photosynthesis includes of take place in takes place in uses to produce use Section 8-3 Concept Map

24. Go to Section: Photosynthesis includes of take place in takes place in uses to produce use Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Thylakoid membranes StromaNADPH ATP Energy from sunlight ATPNADPHO2O2 Chloroplasts High-energy sugars Section 8-3 Concept Map