1. An Age of renewal and Growth
Section 3
An Age of renewal and Growth

2. The church in the new world
Section 3, Part 3:
The church in the new world

3. Introduction
We think of 1492 as the beginning of the Age of Exploration
Actually began in Africa in the early 15th century
Extended to the late 17th century
Scientific & technological advances of the scholastics & humanists made possible
Monarchs patronized for pure & not so pure motives
Priests & religious accompanied for spiritual missions—Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits
Destinations were Latin America, Asia, & North America
Look at effects & outcomes here
Three articles
(A. 32) – Missions to Latin America
(A. 33) – Missions in the Far East
(A. 34) – Missions to North America

4. Article 32: Missions to Latin America
In 1492, Spain was the most powerful country in Europe
--entirely Catholic for first time since 711
Incas, Aztecs, & Mayans were very advanced civilizations
but no match for Spanish conquistadors
Hernan Cortes in Mexico against Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro in Peru against Incas
By 1550 both civilizations had fallen—murdered, small pox, enslaved, …
Dominican, Franciscan, & Jesuit missionaries accompanied conquistadors
Pure motives for friars & priests; split motives for monarchies
conquistadors salvation & conformity)
Missionaries protested & sought legislative changes & got them but little changed
Bartolome de las Casas ( )
Dominican who fought for indigenous rights--encomienda & slavery
A Very Brief Narrative of the Destruction of the Indians
Led to New Laws in 1542 by Charles V

5. Article 32 cont.: Missions to Latin America
St. Martin de Porres ( )
Son of Spanish nobleman & free slave—treated cruelly as child in Lima, Peru
Joined Dominicans as a lay brother & dedicated his life to poor & mistreated (slaves, sick, & poor)
St. Rose of Lima ( )
Third Order Dominican in Lima, Peru
Reputation for holiness during her life & miracles after her death brought many to faith
Patron saint of Peru along with Martin de Porres
St. Peter Claver ( )
Native Spaniard who arrived in Cartagena, Columbia in 1610 (center of slave trade)
Ministered to the enslaved who suffered unspeakable physical & spiritual conditions
before & after his ordination in 1616 (healed, preached, baptized, & defended the
human & civil rights of thousands)
Our Lady of Guadalupe, Juan Diego, his uncle, & the bishop of Mexico City—9 Dec. 1531
Second most visited shrine in the world (the tilma) & 85% of Mexico Catholic today
How can we support the Church in Latin America today since we stem from them historically
USCCB sub committee & annual collection on 4th Sunday of January

6. You Tube Videos: Latin American Missions
Fr. Barron: Our Lady of Guadalupe
Spanish Colonization of the Americas

7. Homework
Section 3, Part 3 review questions 1-2
Read A. 33

8. Article 33: Missions in the Far East
Patron saints of the missions: St. Francis Xavier & St. Theresa of Lisieux
India remains predominantly Hindu today but strong Catholic presence in southern India (Goa & Kerala) & Sri Lanka by 18th century
Saint Francis Xavier ( ) arrived in Goa, India
in 1542 with a small group of Jesuits
Converted thousands thorough the basics of Christian
belief & prayer along with gentleness & kindness
Moved on to Ceylon (Sri Lanka = island off the south coast of India) where he
converted thousands more & established missionary schools & churches
Robert de Nobili ( ) implemented enculturation
in India & Ceylon to continue work

9. Article 33 cont.: Missions in the Far East
Japan
Today is predominately Hindu & Shinto but 500k Catholics (esp. in Nagasaki)
Francis Xavier arrived in Japan in 1549 after meeting, converting,
& being persuaded by Japanese man
200K baptized by 1580 with help of Franciscans & Dominicans (from Buddh- & Shintoism)
Built small Churches until persecution broke out—dozens of foreign missionaries
& 30K Japanese were killed due to suspicion of Japanese rulers
Paul Miki & companions (26) in 1597 in Nagasaki & totally banned in 1614
French missionaries found faith kept alive in secret for
200 years w/out priests when arrived in 1860’s
China
Matteo Ricci ( ) was an Italian Jesuit who made major inroads through enculturation & western knowledge (150K Chinese Catholics by 1692)
Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith sided with friars over Jesuits in 1704
Emperor banned Christianity & persecuted missionaries & people
Opened up again in 1850 to Daughters of Charity & about 500K Catholics by 1900
In 1949, Chairman Mao of the PRC made it illegal (8 million underground & 5 million CCPA)
Cardinal Kung of Shanghai died in prison in 2000 for refusal to follow the CCPA

10. You Tube Videos: Far East Missions
Francis Xavier: Missionary & Saint
Matteo Ricci: Enculturation in China

11. Homework Section 3, Part 3 review questions 4-5 & 7 Read A. 34
Make sure the Section 3 review questions are ready to turn in on Tuesday (#’s 1-7)
Study for the Section 3, Part 3 quiz on Thursday (AA )

12. Article 34: Missions to North America
Spanish Franciscans (Florida, Southwest, & California)
& French Jesuits (New England & Canada)
Economic & religious motives at the cost of native culture
Spread the faith, convert natives; civilize the natives
through agriculture & Western learning & language
Missions were self sustaining communities based upon agriculture
Natives were encouraged to establish settlements near missions
Challenges & hardships—scarcity, unpredictable relations resulting in acceptance, rejection, sickness, death, &
murder for friars, settlers, & native people
Florida & Southwest Missions
St. Augustine (1565) & 20 more; Jesuits 1st but Spanish
Franciscans lasted; Seminoles forced all out by 1769
Mexican Franciscans; 21 in Texas by San Antonio
(The Alamo-1718) & 40 in New Mexico by Santa Fe
Decline in 1700’s & stopped by 1800—converts & territory

13. Article 34: Missions to North America
California
Blessed Junipero Serra ( ) established 9
missions personally & oversaw 12 others
Franciscans founded economic centers where trades
were taught but natives were “imprisoned”
Floggings, escapes, & uprisings ensued so missions
declined, stopped, & died out by 1832
French Missions in Canada & New York & beyond
Franciscans first in 1615 but no success; Jesuits followed
in 1625 in Quebec; success with the Hurons
Trouble with the Iroquois—North American Martyrs
(1640’s & 1930’s)—Isaac Jogues & John Brebeuf
as well as St. Keteri Tekakwitha

14. You Tube Videos: North American Missions
Crash Course: Native Americans & the Spanish
Colonial America: New France

15. Homework Section 3, Part 3 review questions 3 & 6
Make sure the Section 3 review questions are ready to turn in on Tuesday (#’s 1-7)
Study for the Section 3, Part 3 quiz on Thursday (AA )