1. Start with name of Allah who is the most beneficent and merciful.

2. Name; : Maimoona Ali Roll#; 07-14 BS(IT)2nd Presented to; Mam Sidra

3. What is ATM? Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is the cell relay protocol, in combination with SONET, allows high-speed connection. The standards for ATM were first Developed in the mid 1980’s.TWO groups, the international telecommunication union (ITU_T) And the ATM Forum (ATM) were involved in the creation Of the standards. ATM has been used primarily with telephone and IP networks.

4. Design Goals:- ATM offering large band-width, because of new transmission media and equipment are dramatically less susceptible to noise degradation, advantage of both factors maximize the data rate. ATM offering large band-width, because of new transmission media and equipment are dramatically less susceptible to noise degradation, advantage of both factors maximize the data rate. The system must interface with existing system and provide wide-area interconnectivity b/w them without lowering their effectiveness. The system must interface with existing system and provide wide-area interconnectivity b/w them without lowering their effectiveness.

5. The design must be implemented inexpensively so that cost would not be a barrier to adopt. The design must be implemented inexpensively so that cost would not be a barrier to adopt. The new system with ATM must be able work and support the existing telecommunication hierarchies e.g. (local loop, local provider, long distance carriers and so o. The new system with ATM must be able work and support the existing telecommunication hierarchies e.g. (local loop, local provider, long distance carriers and so o. ATM is connection oriented technology in which a logical connection is established b/w two end points before the actual data exchange begins. ATM is connection oriented technology in which a logical connection is established b/w two end points before the actual data exchange begins. This is a single network strategy that could transport real time vedio and audio as well as images, files, text and email. This is a single network strategy that could transport real time vedio and audio as well as images, files, text and email.

6. FREAME NETWORK In frame network, data communication at the data link layer had been based on frame based on frame switching and frame networks Different protocols use frames of various size. Ads network become more complex the information that must Be carried in the header becomes more extensive. The result is larger and larger header relative to the size of data Unit. In response some protocols have enlarge the size of the data unit to make header use more efficient (sending more data with with same size header).

7. DRAWBACKS OF FRAME NETWORKS Large data field waste Large data field waste Mixed network Mixed network Low data rate Low data rate

8. CELL NETWORK Many problem associated with frames internetworking are solved by adopting a concept called cell networking. Many problem associated with frames internetworking are solved by adopting a concept called cell networking. A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange. A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange. Cell: a cell is defined as a small fixed size block of information. Cell: a cell is defined as a small fixed size block of information.

9. ASYNCHRONOUS TDM ATM uses asynchronous TDM ATM uses asynchronous TDM It uses as a fixed size slots as a cell. The slot is empty if none of the channel has a cell to send. It uses as a fixed size slots as a cell. The slot is empty if none of the channel has a cell to send.