1. Theories of Emotions
Module 41

2. Emotions Response that involves Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience

3. James-Lange Theory William James
Emotional experience occurs after the bodily change and as a result of it
Event  Arousal Emotion

4. Experiment… Number somewhere on a piece of paper 1 – 10
You will be given instructions about how to hold your pen.
You will view and rate how funny 10 cartoons are that you will be viewing.
1 = not funny at all
7 = extremely funny
You will calculate the mean of your scores.
Here we go…

5. Cartoon 1

6. Cartoon #2

7. Cartoon #3

8. Cartoon #4

9. Cartoon #5

10. Cartoon #6

11. Cartoon #7

12. Slide #8

13. Cartoon #9

14. Cartoon #10

15. James Lange Theory Supported by Facial feedback hypothesis
Activity of the facial muscles that create expressions determines the emotions we experience

16. Cannon-Bard Theory Bodily reactions do not cause emotional responses
Bodily reactions and emotional responses occur at the same time
Thalamus routes the information
Event  Thalamus  Emotions
 Arousal

17. Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory
Adds a cognitive aspect
Two factors to emotions
Factor one: arousal or bodily reaction
Factor two: cognitive interpretation of this reaction
EventArousalCognitive LabelEmotion

18. Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Richard Lazarus
Cognition must happen before the subjective experience of the emotion
Our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of the situation we are in

19. Opponent-Process Theory
All emotions are followed by an opposite emotional reaction
fear is followed by relief
sadness by happiness
On repeated occasions, the opponent emotion becomes stronger
Factor in drug addiction
Crash Course

20. Primary Emotions Universally recognized across cultures Fear Anger Joy
Sadness
Disgust
Contempt
Surprise
Some theorists include
Shame, shyness, and guilt

21. Emotional Expression
Provides a visible sign of the internal feelings an individual is experiencing
Voice
Posture
Gestures
Facial expressions

22. Paul Ekman Studies emotions and expressions
Cross culturally same specific facial expressions for various emotions
Microexpressions
Used to detect lies
Microexpressions video
Some evidence that they are innate

23. Display Rules
Culturally accepted learned guidelines for when and how emotions can be expressed in particular social situations
Ex. Kissing a cheek as a greeting

24. Stress
Module 43 and 44

25. Stress Both physical and psychological reactions to stressors
We appraise them as threatening or challenging
How Stress Affects the Brain

26. Stressors Three types: Catastrophes Significant life changes
Daily hassles

27. Two Types of Stress Hans Selye Eustress Distress Positive stress
Accepting challenges – pursuing goals
Distress
Negative stress
High levels of tension
Negative side effects

29. Response to Stress -Hans Selye
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Stage 1 – Alarm
Increase activity of sympathetic nervous system
Stage 2 – Resistance
Increase physical reactions
Stage 3 – Exhaustion
Body’s internal resources depleted
Immune system is decreased