1. Chapter One Basic Concepts of Matter

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 2 © Gary Braasch/CORBIS Basic Concepts of Matter →CO 1.1 Volcano Burning

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 3 ←Fig. 1.1 Solid, liquid, and gas states Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d David Schultz/Getty Images →Fig. 1.2 Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 4 →Fig. 1.3 The green color of the Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of copper with the components of air. Andy Levin/Photo Researchers Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 5 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d C.C. 1.1 "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 6 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d ←Fig. 1.4 The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to liquid. Phil Degginger/Color-Pic

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 7 → Fig. 1.5 As a result of chemical change, bright steel girders become rusty when exposed to moist air. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 8 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d CAG 1.1

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 9 (a)A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings. (b) The magnet can be used to separate the iron fillings from the potassium dichromate. James Scherer Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.6a

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 10 Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 11 Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 12 → Fig. 1.9 Questions used in classifying matter into various categories. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 13 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d  CAG 1.2

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 14 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d ←Fig. 1.10 Outward physical appearance of naturally occurring elements

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 15 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d → Fig. 1.11 Abundance of elements in the universe and in Earth’s crust (in atom percent)

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 16 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d ←C.C. 1.2 Elemental Composition of the Human Body

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 17 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d ←Table 1.1

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 18 ←Fig. 1.12 A computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by computer. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc.

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 19 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d →Fig. 1.13 254 million atoms arranged in a straight line would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch.

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 20 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 21 ←Fig. 1.15 Depictions of various simple heteroatomic molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 22 Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound. Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1 | 23 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Practice Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound.