1. Strangeness Hadrons in Few-Body Nuclei Yoshinori AKAISHI, Akinobu DOTE and Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI Deeply bound kaonic states K-K- Atomic states Nuclear state MENU Sept. 3, 2004

2. Few-Body KN Systems _ Strange baryon Di-baryon Tri-baryon Tetra-baryon Strange heavy nucleus Strange matter pp p p p n n p p n p p n S=-1 S=-2 p  K _ = p p   = H*? DA  NE1999 Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki

3. DEAR @ DA  NE

4. KN interaction - -62 MeV -285 MeV -436 MeV -412 MeV none KpX Iwasaki et al. (1997) Martin (1981) p+K - n+K 0 -  (1405) -++-++ ++-++- 0+00+0 +0+0 5.3 0 -27 -94.9 -103.0 -104.4 -181.3 (MeV)

6. Optical potential K nucleus _ K - atom for E= -110 MeV for t-matrix: for g-matrix: No Pauli exclusion

7. Chiral SU(3) Dynamics T. Waas, N. Kaiser & W. Weise, Phys. Lett. B379 (1996) 34. 0123 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 K+K+ K-K- 200 MeV  /100 MeV Tomozawa-Weinberg 7 times Chiral symmetry NN KN - Isoscalar

8. J. Schaffner-Bielich, V. Koch & M. Effenberger, Nucl. Phys. A669 (2000) 153. A. Ramos & E. Oset, Nucl. Phys. A671 (2000) 481. A. Cieply, E Friedman, A. Gal & J. Mares, Nucl. Phys. A696 (2001) 173. Shallow optical potentialDeep optical potential V 0 +iW 0 = -50 –i 60 MeV V 0 +iW 0 = -120 –i10 MeV Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 044005. N. Kaiser, P.B. Siegel & W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A594 (1995) 325.

9. Nuclear KNN bound states _ T = 3/2 Unbound T = 1/2 Above the  + n threshold T = 1/2 E = -48 MeV  = 61 MeV S = 0 S = 1 S = 0 obtained from 3-body variational calculation.

10. Structure of ppK - pp K-K- 1.90 fm rms distance 1.36 fm 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 fm -3 02468 r fm 3.90 fm rms distance T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.

11. K - + p 123 r fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV  (1405) ++ ++ K - + pp 123 r fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV ++ ++ K - + 3 He 123 r fm 0 -50 -200 -300 -400 -500 MeV ++ ++

12. pp T. Yamazaki & Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B535 (2002) 70.

13. 123 r fm 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 MeV ++ (-69, 66) MeV (-86, 32) MeV Nuclear bound state 1.47 fm Free 1.01.21.41.6 1.01.21.41.6 R core fm 40 30 20 10 0 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 MeV  E core (R core ) E K (R core ) E K +  E core Hasegawa-Nagata’s NN ~1Gev repulsion E  Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 044005 Shrinkage !

14. 0 -50 -100 -150 50 70 90 15 MeV T n MeV ４ He ( stopped K -, n) Branching ~2% M. Iwasaki et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A473 (2001) 286. K - + 3 He T = 1 T = 0 -108 MeV E K MeV d+  - +   d+  + +   d+  - +  

16. Evidence for K - ppn Oct.16, 2003 M. Iwasaki et al. M. Iwasaki T. Suzuki H. Bhang G. Franklin K. Gomikawa R.S. Hayano T. Hayashi K. Ishikawa S. Ishimoto K. Itahashi T. Katayama Y. Kondo Y. Matsuda T. Nakamura S. Okada H. Outa B. Quinn M. Sato M. Shindo H. So T. Sugimoto P. Strasser K. Suzuki S. Suzuki D. Tomono A.M. Vinodkumar E. Widmann T. Yamazaki T. Yoneyama nucl-ex/0310018 from 4 He(stopped K -,n)

17.  B ｔｈ -ex ~ 60 MeV Chiral restoration ? m K / f 2 udd uud us _ 11 or 9 quarks ? Challenging problem ! pp n K-K- 1.5 fm  N (0) = 8.9  0 ppnK - Tri-baryon ?   av =3.1  0 -108 20 Theor. Exp.

19. K-NNN potential _ 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 MeV 123 r fm -5 MeV -23 MeV -37 MeV Relativistic effect 17% enhanced KN bare int. _ proportional to  2 (9% enhanced KN effective int.) _ Without shrinkage With shrinkage

20. Observe all. Exciting! “pppK - ”“ppnK - ” “pnnK - ” -103 MeV N(0s) 3 K - N(0s) 2 (0p) K - -97 MeV -193 MeV T=1, 3/2 + Relativistic effect -170 T=0,1/2 - -133 -132 KN enhanced by 17%

21. 4 He(stopped K -, p) pnnK - p momentum

22. T. Suzuki H. Bhang G. Franklin K. Gomikawa R.S. Hayano T. Hayashi K. Ishikawa S. Ishimoto K. Itahashi M. Iwasaki T. Katayama Y. Kondo Y. Matsuda T. Nakamura S. Okada H. Outa B. Quinn M. Sato M. Shindo H. So P. Strasser T. Sugimoto K. Suzuki S. Suzuki D. Tomono A.M. Vinodkumar E. Widmann T. Yamazaki T. Yoneyama Discovery of S 0 (3115) in 4 He(stopped K -,p)K - pnn Phys. Lett. B597 (2004) 263 Press release on Aug. 24, 2004 13 

23. 8 Be 8 BeK - 7 fm Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.41 0.83 Density (/fm^3) 0.0 0.10 0.20 A ntisymmetrized M olecular D ynamics calculation A. Dote, H. Horiuchi, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Lett. B590 (2004) 51. Dense & Cold

24. T. Hatsuda & T. Kunihiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 158. M. Lutz, S. Klimt & W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A542 (1992) 52. W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A553 (1993) 59c. 300 MeV 5050 Temperature T Density  Normal density

25. Color forromag. A. Iwazaki et al. 150 MeV Chemical potential Nuclei Temperature Quark-gluon plasma Color superconductor (2SC), (CFL) Hadrons Dense & cold Tricritical point Nuclear Phase Diagram Liquid-gas

26. 1.90 fm 1.36 fm pp ppK - 1.3 fm 1.5 fm ppK - K - uuddss us _ uud us _ Strange deuteron? Excited H* di-baryon? K-K- K-K- T. Yamazaki P. Kienle

27. ppnK -  + d K-K- Cold & dense fragments Heavy-Ion Reaction ~10A GeV High-density environment provided by HI fireball Invariant-mass spectroscopy for their decays “Decay-channel spectroscopy” T. Yamazaki Phys. Lett. B587 (2004) 167 ppK -  + p

28. FOPI at GSI from Kutsche (PhD) 1999 Superb  identification

29. A. Andronic and P. Braun-Munzinger, priv.comm., Oct.17, 2003  > GSI SIS100/300 : best place

30. Concluding Remarks Nuclear K bound state _ Mini strange matter K plays a role of “contractor”. _ Few-body K nuclear systems would provide experimental data of fundamental importance for hadron physics with strangeness. _ A new means to investigate hadron dynamics in dense&cold matter Chiral restoration? Color superconductivity? Kaon condensation? Strange hadronic/quark matter? Production-/Decay- channel spectroscopies KEK DA  NE SPring-8 GSI J-PARC

31. S=0 nucleiS=-1S=-2 500 400 300 200 100 0 Excitation energy (MeV) Meson-nucleon systems of 2 nd generation