1. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter Nine: Campaigns and Elections

2. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 1.Discuss who runs for office and how campaigns are managed. 2.Describe the current system of campaign finance. 3.Summarize the process of choosing a president of the United States. 4.Explain the mechanisms through which voting takes place on Election Day. 5.Discuss voter turnout in the United States and the types of people most likely to vote.

3. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 Who Is Eligible? President Vice president Senator Representative Who Runs? Women as candidates Professional status

4. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4 Democratic president Barack Obama and Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney campaigning in 2012. How might undecided voters make up their minds about these candidates? left: Spencer Platt/Getty Images; right: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

5. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5 Managing the Campaign The changing campaign The professional campaign Political consultant The strategy of winning Candidate visibility and appeal The use of opinion polls Focus groups

7. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7 Two of the best-known political consultants are Mary Matalin for the Republicans and James Carville for the Democrats. They happen to be married to each other. What functions do they perform? Heather Wines/CBS via Getty Images

8. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8 The Evolution of the Campaign Finance System The Federal Election Campaign Act Political action committees Issue advocacy advertising Soft money The rise and fall of the McCain-Feingold Act

9. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9 Media mogul Rupert Murdoch (left) and major conservative contributor David Koch (right) attend Time magazine’s gala celebrating the one hundred most influential people in the world. The party was held at New York City’s Lincoln Center in 2014. Why might some people make large political contributions? PatrickMcMullan.com/AP Images

10. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 The Current Campaign Finance Environment Independent expenditures Citizens United v. FEC Super PACs The 527 Organization

11. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11 Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle Corporation, is most famous for his business success and his impressive degree of self- regard. He is also a major campaign contributor. What do high-tech firms want from the government? Toru Yamanaka/AFP/Getty Images

12. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12 The Current Campaign Finance Environment The 501(c)4 Organization Candidate committees The decline and fall of public financing

13. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13 Reforming the Presidential Primaries Superdelegates The Invisible Primary

14. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14 Primaries and Caucuses Direct and indirect primaries Proportional and winner-take-all primaries Closed primary Open primary

15. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15 A campaign volunteer at a Romney-Ryan phone bank calls voters on Election Day in Reno, Nevada. How can a get-out-the-drive help a candidate? Max Whittaker/Getty Images

16. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16 Primaries and Caucuses Blanket primary Run-off primary The “top-two” primary Conventions Caucuses

17. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17 UC Davis students line up at a campus polling place in Davis, California, on Election Day 2012. Should students vote where they attend school or where their parents live? In either case, why? Autumn Payne/Sacramento Bee/MCT/Getty Images

18. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18 Front-Loading the Primaries The rush to be first The national parties seek to regain control

19. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19 On to the National Convention Seating the delegates Credentials committee Convention activities

20. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20 The Electoral College The choice of electors The electors’ commitment Problems with the Electoral College System

21. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21 A Texas delegate at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. What kinds of Americans tended to support the Democratic candidate? Lucian Perkins/Washington Post/Getty Images

22. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22 Office-Block and Party-Column Ballots Massachusetts ballot Indiana ballot Voting by Mail

23. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 Sometimes, ballots are disputed and must be recounted. This occurred after the votes were tallied for the U.S. senatorial candidates in Minnesota in 2008. Is there any way to reform the voting process to avoid such disputes? AP Photo/Dawn Villella

24. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24 Voting Fraud and Voter ID Laws Voter ID requirements Voting restrictions during the 2012 election cycle The impact of restrictive voting laws on voter turnout

25. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25 The effect of low voter turnout The voting-age population and the vote- eligible population Factors Influencing Who Votes AgeEducational attainment Income levelMinority status Ideology

26. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 26 Why might voter turnout have picked up in recent years?

27. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 27 What could be done to make young people more likely to vote?

28. Are there steps we could take that would encourage the less well educated to vote?

29. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 29 Legal Restrictions on Voting Property requirements Further extensions of the franchise Is the franchise still too restrictive?

30. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 30 Legal Restrictions on Voting Current eligibility and registration requirements Voter-registration drives The Voting Rights Act

31. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 31 College students buy a T-shirt during a Rock the Vote bus tour of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Rock the Vote encourages young people to register to vote and to become politically active. Why are young people often less likely to vote? Ann Hermes/the Christian Science Monitor/Getty Images

32. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 32 Click picture to view video

33. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 33 1.Is voting fraud a major issue in election outcomes? 2.Which groups of voters are least likely to have photo identification? Why? 3.Why do states have the most responsibility for regulating the voting process?