2. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading dictate vt 指示，指定，指令； n 命 令，规定，要求 brevity n 短暂，简洁 sacrificing brevity statute n 法令，法规 invitation to bid 投标邀请，招标 technical specification 技术规范 proposal n 建议书，投标书 Words and Expressions

3. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading bid bond 投标担保 performance bond （合同）履约担保 construe v 解释，分析，直译 enter into 缔结（协议），参与，开始 render v 给予，提供 ambiguous a 引起歧义的，模棱两可的， 含糊不清的

4. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading architect-engineer 建筑师 - 工程师 withstand v 经受，承受 vice versa 反之亦然

5. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading English-Chinese translation 1. competitive bidding 竞标 2. invitation to bid 邀标 3. technical specification 技术规范 4. performance bond 履约担保 5. standardized contract forms 标准化的合同文本 6. owner-contractor negotiations 业主与承包商谈判

6. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 7. the Associated General Contractors of American 美国总承包商协会 8. the American Consulting Engineers Council 美国工程顾问委员会 9.The Engineers’ Joint Contract Documents Committee 工程师联合合同文件委员会

7. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Key Structures The complex nature of construction dictates a form of contract that is relatively lengthy, sacrificing brevity in order to describe precisely the legal, financial, and technical provisions. 建筑工程的复杂性要求其合同形式不能过于简短而应较 为罗嗦，以精确表达出法律、商务以及技术方面的规定。 本句中的 that is relatively lengthy 为定语从句, 和分词 状语 sacrificing brevity 一起共同修饰 a form of contract.

8. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Contracts are interpreted strictly and to the letter where possible and feasible under the law. 在可能和可行的情况下，合同在法律的规定下严格地按 照字句加以解释。 句中的 to the letter 指 “ 严格地按照字句 ” 等意义， where possible and feasible 作为条件状语从句，为 “ 在可能和可行的情况下 ” 之意。

9. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Should a construction requirement appear only in the specifications and not on the drawings, or vice versa, the contractor must normally provide the requirement just as though it were included in both places. 如果建筑要求仅仅出现在说明中而没有在图纸中体现， 承包商通常应达到这些要求，就好象在说明和图纸中均 有此要求一样。反之亦然。 Should …… 为倒装句，表 “ 假设、如果 ” 之意，即 If …… 句中的 vice versa 为插入语，为 “ 反之亦然 ” 之意。

10. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Comprehension Exercises 1. What are those documents that are essential to the bidding, negotiation, and construction process? 1) Invitation to bid. 2) Instructions to bidders. 3) General conditions. 4) Supplementary conditions. 5) Technical specifications.

11. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 6) Drawings. 7) Addenda. 8) Proposal. 9) Bid bond. 10) Agreement. 11) Performance bond. 12) Labor and material payment bond.

12. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 2. Is it an excuse for not rendering proper performance that the failure to read and understand a contract before executing it? It is an accepted rule of law that a person has a duty to read and understand a contract before executing it, and failure to do so is no excuse for not rendering proper performance.

13. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 3. How to interpret the ambiguous terms in a construction contract? If a conflict exists between the drawings and the specifications, it is usual that the specifications control, although the general conditions may provide that the architect-engineer or owner shall determine which is to prevail.

14. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 4. If a construction requirement appears only in the drawings and not on the specifications, how the contractor must do? Should a construction requirement appear only in the specifications and not on the drawings, or vice versa, the contractor must normally provide the requirement just as though it were included in both places

15. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading 5. What are the main advantages of standard forms of contract documents? Standardization of contract forms has done much to eliminate areas of disagreement among owners, architect-engineers, and contractors. In addition, they have withstood the test of time and experience and have become familiar to architect- engineers and contractors who clearly understand their meanings and implications.

16. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Contract Provisions 合同规定 Risk Allocation 风险分担 Force majeure 不可抗力 labor strikes 工人罢工 Indemnification n. 赔偿，保障；赔偿金 Liens 留置权 Reading Material

17. Unit Fourteen Construction Contract Documents English for Construction Project Management Vocabulary Key Structures Key Structures Questions Reading Liquidated damages 违约金 Consequential damages 对应损害赔偿 Warranties and guarantees 保证和担保 burdensome adj. 繁重的，难以承担的；累赘 attorney‘s fees 律师费 Subrogation 代位权 clause 条款