1. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms KEY CONCEPT The current tree of life has three domains.

2. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. –Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Animalia Plantae

3. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. –Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae –1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Animalia Protista Plantae

4. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. –Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae –1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera –1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Animalia Protista Plantae Monera

5. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. –Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Classification is always a work in progress. –1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera –1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Monera –1959: fungi moved to own kingdom Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia

6. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. –Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Classification is always a work in progress. –1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera –1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista –1959: fungi moved to own kingdom –1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae Archaebacteria Eubacteria

7. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Domains are above the kingdom level. Domain Bacteria = Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Archaea = Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Eukarya = Kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista Woese’s discovery - proposed by Carl Woese, based on rRNA studies of prokaryotes, domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity

8. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms –known for living in extreme environments (volcanoes, sulfur vents at the bottom of the ocean, hot springs, “extremophiles” Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaebacteria. –cell walls chemically different from Eubacteria –differences discovered by studying RNA

9. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Eubacteria. –one of largest groups on Earth –classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused –These are the “common bacteria”, the ones that live in/on us and keep us healthy and make us sick

10. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. –kingdom Protista

11. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. –kingdom Protista –kingdom Plantae –Titan arum – the Carrion flower

12. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. –kingdom Protista –kingdom Plantae –kingdom Fungi

13. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. –kingdom Protista –kingdom Plantae –kingdom Fungi –kingdom Animalia

14. 17.4 Domains and Kingdoms Bacteria and archaea can be difficult to classify. –transfer genes among themselves outside of reproduction –blurs the line between “species” –more research needed to understand prokaryotes bridge to transfer DNA