1. Programming Languages

2. Programming Languages Evolve
In the early days of computers, the only language was machine code.

3. Assembly Code came next
As the hardware improved and the understanding of computers grew, humans wanted an easier language than machine code. Assembly is better but not great!

4. FORTRAN—the oldest high-level programming language; designed for scientific and mathematical applications.
John Backus

5. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
COBOL—designed for business transaction processing.

6. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
Pascal—designed to teach structured programming; useful for math and science applications.
Niklaus
Wirth

7. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
BASIC—an easy-to-learn beginner’s programming language.
Visual Basic— an object-oriented, fourth-generation version of BASIC.
Kemeny and Kurtz

8. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
C, C++, C#—versions of the highly efficient C programming language; C++ and C# are object-oriented.
Dennis
Ritchie
Bjorne
Stroustrap

9. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
Java—object-oriented programming language commonly used for Web applications.
Platform independence—Java programs can run on any platform that supports the Java Virtual Machine.
Java applets—concise stand-alone Java applications ready to be inserted into Web pages.
Class files
Parameters

10. Popular Programming Languages, Cont’d.
Other high-level languages:
Ada
APL
LISP
Logo
HTML
PHP
Python
PL/1
Prolog
RPG
SmallTalk
Perl
XML