1. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 1 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title:[Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications – Submission in Response to the IEEE 802.15.4SGa Formal CFA] Date Submitted:[22 October, 2003] Source:[Walter Hirt], Company [IBM Corp., Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory] Address:[Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland] Voice:[+41-1-724-8477], FAX: [+41-1-724-8955], E-Mail:[hir@zurich.ibm.com] Re:[IEEE P802.15.SG4a CFA] Abstract:[Key features to be offered by an ALT-PHY for WPAN should include low-power consuming radio devices supporting applications in need of low- to moderate data rates in combination with precise positioning and location tracking capabilities, e.g., as required in smart sensor & actuator networks] Purpose:[New ALT-PHY-WPAN application & usage scenarios in response to 802.15.4SGa CFA] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 2 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Response to Formal Call for Applications “ Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications” IEEE 802.15 SG4a WPAN MEETING Albuquerque, NM, USA – November 9 - 14, 2003 Walter Hirt +41-1-724-8477 / hir@zurich.ibm.com Systems – Sensor Networks

3. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 3 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Complementary WPAN Applications BP-2-PAM / 256-PPM BP-2-PAM / 64-PPM BP-32-PAM / 1-PPM BP-2-PAM / 1-PPM: ~ Channel Capacity or Cutoff Rate [Mb/s] Link Distance [m] Channel Capacity: Cutoff Rate: Free Space UWB AWGN Channel Source: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory BP = Bi-Polar Reference: D. Porcino and W. Hirt, “Ultra-Wideband Radio Technology: Potential and Challenges Ahead,” IEEE Commun. Mag., July 2003, pp. 66 -74. Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications High-Rate Data Applications Assumed System Parameters

4. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 4 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications Evolution of Short-Range Radio Technology  Chip Technology Still driven by Moore’s Law “All-CMOS Radio”  Generic Radio Classes Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) Single-Standard Radio (SSR) Low power & low-rate data  Impact on Applications MSRs  Universal Wireless Ports Enable fastest, most economic and secure links SSRs  Massive Deployments e.g., Sensor & Actuator Networks Co-exist & co-operate with MSRs Source: IBM Link to IP Network Infrastructure Example: Ad-hoc Sensor & Actuator Networks MSR: Concentrator SSR-MSR: Control Point SSR: Sensor or Actuator Example: SSRs in harsh industrial environments for Sensor, Positioning & Identification Networks (SPIN) Very noisy and multipath ridden RF channel Source: IBM

5. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 5 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications Sensor & Actuator Networks  Smart Sensor or Actuator Unit (S/A-U) Connected to Intranets or the Intranet by wires and/or wireless links May include local (simple) data processing or actuator capabilities Support of end-to-end data security functions Requires very low power consumption (e.g., maximize battery life) Sleep mode and wake-up on input Low-rate data is sufficient … often together with localization support  Sensor & Actuator Network (SAN) Very large network of S/A-Us deployed across an operational area and connected to a smart platform … preferably by flexible wireless links Scalability (100’s to 1000’s of nodes) Low-power nodes (e.g., h/w MAC) Self-organized (ad hoc) network Data aggregation (“fusion”) Support for actuator control Location tracking of nodes

6. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 6 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ Sensor & Actuator Networks (SAN) Potential Use & Requirements for Wireless Links Equipment Sensors & Control Remote Diagnostics & Service Controls HVAC Sensors & Controls Automated Data Collection Lighting Monitors & Controls Security Sensors & Controls MSRs as Universal Wireless Ports (fast, secure & economical links) (Control Point or Concentrator) Many sensors & actuators linked by SSRs (low-rate data, location information, security) Sub-SAN may operate as ad-hoc network (100’s nodes, geo-routing/geo-filtering) Range: to 100 m Position: 0.1 – 1 m Range: to 50 m Data Rate: 10’s kb/s Low Power RFID Tags: Battery Life! Very Noisy Multipath Channel: Reliabilty

7. November 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0443-00-004a IBM Submission Slide 7 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’  Potential ALT-PHY WPAN Application and Usage Scenarios Future scenarios foresee large aggregations of Single-Standard Radios (SSRs) and Multi-Standard Radios (MSRs) linked to Intranets & Internet Monitoring, sensing & control of industrial and environmental processes Management of logistics, supply chains and warehouses Security and surveillance functions at home and in public areas Personnel and asset tracking on government and healthcare premises Summary Low-Rate Data and/or Positioning Applications  Key Requirements for Sensor & Actuator Networks (SAN) Radio (SSR) Low-rate data (10’s – 100’s kb/s) with precise location tracking (up to 100 m and within 0.1 – 1 m) and low power consumption (battery life!) Co-exist & co-operate with MSRs (e.g., IEEE 802 wireless PHYs) Network Flexible topology, low deployment cost, scalable multiple-access