1. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 1 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: M-ary Code Shift Keying/Binary PPM (MCSK/BPPM) Based Impulse Radio Date Submitted: January 2005 Source: [Dong In Kim (1), Serhat Erküçük (1), Kyung Sup Kwak (2)] Company: [(1) Simon Fraser University, (2)UWB-ITRC, Inha University] Address: [(1) School of Engineering Science, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada (2) 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, #401, Venture Bldg. Incheon, 402-751 Korea] Voice: [+1 (604) 291-3248], Fax: [(1) +1 (604) 291-4951 (2) +82-32-876-7349] E-Mail: [(1) dikim@sfu.ca (2) kskwak@inha.ac.kr]dikim@sfu.cakskwak@inha.ac.kr Abstract: [Proposed modulation format increases the ranging and location capability of time hopping impulse radios] Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 2 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4 Alternate PHY M-ary Code Shift Keying/Binary PPM (MCSK/BPPM) Based Impulse Radio SFU, Canada & UWB-ITRC, Inha University Republic of Korea

3. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 3 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Contents TG4a Requirements MCSK/BPPM PHY TX Structure TH Code Assignment Transceiver Architecture Information Rate Location Accuracy Conclusion

4. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 4 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a TG4a Requirements 802.15.4a PHY MCSK/BPPM compared to TH-BPPM scalable information rates Better BER performance at the same/higher information rates and lower transmit power high precision ranging/ location Improved ranging/location precision capability low power consumption Lower transmit power at the same/higher information rates and better BER performance low complexity and cost No new circuit is needed / simple transceiver structure *MCSK/BPPM: M-ary Code Shift Keying/Binary Pulse Position Modulation **TH-BPPM: Time Hopping Binary Pulse Position Modulation

5. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 5 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a MCSK/BPPM TH PPM – user #1 MCSK/BPPM – user #1 1 user specific TH code TH-BPPM 0 t 1101 M user specific TH codes TH-BPPM choose a code 1 TH code 110101 … M=4 c3c3 TX only for multiple access for multiple access and data modulation MCSK: M-ary Code Shift Keying BPPM: Binary Pulse Position Modulation 0 t Bit time Frame time

6. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 6 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a M user specific TH codes - TH codes are periodic with N p - each pulse should be repeated N s times - N p /N s =k is an integer Example: 0 t C 2  5 8 7 3 1 4 2 6 PHY TX Structure (1/2) MCSK BPPM TX Bit time Frame time

7. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 7 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a PHY TX Structure (2/2) M user specific TH codes - TH codes are periodic with N p - each pulse should be repeated N s times - N p /N s =k is an integer Information rate vs. BER performance for fixed N s and varying N p and M ScenarioTime domain illustration Info. rate BER performance 1 bit (BPPM) 2 bits (MCSK) 1 bit (BPPM) 3 bits (MCSK) 1 bit (BPPM) 3 bits (MCSK) 1 bit (BPPM) N p /N s same M increasing N p /N s increasing M same TX Bit time Frame time

8. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 8 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a M user specific TH codes Each user has sample-long sequence ? NO! Generation of TH codes – “Case 1: random assignment” m-sequence: 0 For T f = 100ns, T c = 1ns: 100 slots for multiple access 46 20 55 c0c0 c1c1 c2c2 c3c3 user #1 c0c0 c1c1 c2c2 c3c3 user #2 TH Code Assignment (1/2) TX

9. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 9 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a TH Code Assignment (2/2) user #2 Generation of TH codes – “Case 2: no overlapping” user #1 user #2user #k... user #1 no collisions allowed within user codes n: number of overlaps TX

10. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 10 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a General Modulation Format Extra information Random selection of TH codes  Improved spectrum Fixed signal space Increased information rate TX

11. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 11 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Receiver Structure - MLSE M N p /N s computation complexity template signals 2M2M M hardware structure correlator RX

12. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 12 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Information Rate (1/3) 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 TH-BPPM Ns = 2, M=1 MCSK/BPPM “Constant Energy/Bit” Constraint Ns = 2, Np=2, M=2 MCSK/BPPM “Constant Power” Constraint Ns = 2, Np=2, M=2 MCSK/BPPM (same info. rate) “Constant Power” Constraint Ns = 2, Np=2, M=2 A A A’ Info. rate R s R 2R R can be adjusted to achieve higher information rate at lower transmit power and still maintain better BER performance at the same time

13. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 13 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Information Rate (2/3) Scalable info. rates 0 A’=2A 0 A 0 A’=1.58A 0 A 0 A’=1.41A 0 A MCSK/BPPM “Constant Power” Constraint for N s = 1, M=8 4R  R 2.5R  R 2R  R BER performance (wrt TH-BPPM) - increased SNR - reduced collusions - no processing gain - not much improvement - increased SNR - reduced collusions - processing gain - improved BER - TX power can be lowered - info rate can be increased

14. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 14 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a “Constant Power” Constraint  Improved performance at the same information rate for M=8 Information Rate (3/3)

15. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 15 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Location Accuracy ProcedureResultComment Step 0 Step 1 Step 3 Step 2 Step 4 Increase M Increase N p /N s Increase T’ f Increase A’ Initial conditions for TH-BPPM R 0 (information rate); BER 0 (performance) TX 0 (power) BER 2 may or may not be less than BER 0 BER 3 may or may not be less than BER 0 Increased frame time with longer observation period, higher information rate, better BER performance and lower transmit power Accurate Ranging/Location MCSK/BPPM “Constant Power” Constraint

16. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 16 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Conclusion MCSK/BPPM provides:  increased information rate  lower transmit power  better BER performance  improved spectral characteristics MCSK/BPPM is capable of:  information rate scalability  location/ranging accuracy Simultaneously! IEEE 802.15.4a PHY

17. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 17 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Back-up Slides

18. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 18 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a MCSK/BPPM “Constant Power” Constraint

19. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 19 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a MCSK/BPPM “Constant Energy/Bit” Constraint

20. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 20 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a Effects of TH Code Design on the Performance MCSK/BPPM “Constant Power” Constraint

21. D. I. Kim, S. Erküçük, K. S. Kwak Submission Slide 21 January 2005 doc.: IEEE 802. 15-05-0022-01-004a TH Code Spectrum of: a)TH-BPPM, N p =10 b)ideal MCSK/BPPM, N p  c)realistic MCSK/BPPM Fig. b. ideal MCSK/BPPMFig. c. realistic MCSK/BPPM Fig. a. TH-BPPM