1. Internet Technologies Mr. Grimming

2. Internet Applications E-Mail File Transfer World Wide Web E-commerce Searches Voice over Internet Protocol Video over Internet Protocol

3. How the Internet Works Internet Addresses Use format consisting of host name and domain Top-Level Domain: Identifies specific type of organization Examples:.com.mil.net.gov.edu Host Name Host is a computer on the network that provides services Often named after company or organization

4. How the Internet Works Email Address Consist of a user name and the host separated by @ WWW Addresses Location on the Web uses a specific address called uniform resource location (URL) Consist of Protocol Type; Example – http www to designated world wide web Internet Address consisting of host name and domain Forward Slash indicates subfolders at web location

5. How the Internet Works Email Address Consist of a user name and the host separated by @ WWW Addresses Location on the Web uses a specific address called uniform resource location (URL) Consist of Protocol Type; Example – http www to designated world wide web Internet Address consisting of host name and domain Forward Slash indicates subfolders at web location

6. How the Internet Works Initial Connection Connected using a modem or LAN Telephone system provides connections using a dialup modem of digital subscriber line (DSL) Cable system provides connections using a cable TV modem Internet Service Provider (ISP) Simply a server that connects the Initial Connection to the World Wide Web

7. OSI Levels

8. Internet Transmission Systems (Layer 1) Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Data is sent in sync with a master timing system Speeds range from 51.48 Mbps to 39.812 Gbps Frames are fixed at 810 bytes Provides the Internet backbone

9. Internet Transmission Systems (Layer 2) Frame Relay – standardized packet switching protocol A specific Flag is used to identify beginning and end of the frame. 01111110 (7E)

10. Internet Transmission Systems (Layer 2) Frame Relay – Is protocol independent and can carry the data from any other transmission method such as Ethernet Allows for data to be moved across multiple LANs Most telecommunication services provide this function Software controlled

11. Internet Transmission Systems (Layer 3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode A packet switching protocol using 53 byte packets

12. Internet Transmission Systems (Layer 3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode - Used within single LAN Designed to be hardware friendly Hardware controlled

13. OSI Levels

14. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Capable of performing all 7 layers of the OSI methodology TCP and IP are two separate functions TCP Host to Host interface Divides data into packets and reassemble packets IP Ensures packets get to their desistination IPv4 255.255.255.255

15. TCP/IP

16. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Capable of performing all 7 layers of the OSI methodology TCP and IP are two separate functions TCP Host to Host interface Divides data into packets and reassemble packets IP Ensures packets get to their destination IPv4 255.255.255.255

17. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Capable of performing all 7 layers of the OSI methodology TCP and IP are two separate functions TCP Host to Host interface Divides data into packets and reassemble packets IP Ensures packets get to their destination IPv4 255.255.255.255

18. Internet and Addressing IPv4 addresses consist of a dotted decimal number Example 35.75.123.250 00100011.01001011.01111011.11111010 Hexadecimal 234B7B7A Entities are assigned different IP ranges within these classes depending on the size of their network. The IP address is divided into two parts, the network ID and the host ID.

19. Internet and Addressing When networks are established they are given ranges of IP addresses based on size Note that for Network IDs, the 8 th bit is always zero ClassStart IPEnd IPNetwork/HostNumber of Networks Number of Hosts A1.0.0.0127.255.255.255N.H.H.H.126 (2 7 – 2) 16,777,214 (2 24 – 2) B128.0.0.0191.255.255.255N.N.H.H.16,382 (2 14 – 2) 65,534 (2 16 – 2) C192.0.0.0223.255.255.255N.N.N.H2,097,150 (2 21 – 2) 254 (2 8 – 2) D224.0.0.0239.255.255.255Multicasting E240.0.0.0255.255.255.255Research

20. Network Masks Network masks are used to determine if an IP address is on the same network or a different network. Network Masks are made up of octets that are all 1s or zeros: 255 or 000 IP address and Network Mask are logically ANDed together to separate the Network ID from Host ID. Subnet Masks can also be used to divide large networks into smaller pieces to make routers more efficient.

21. Network Masks Network masks are used to determine if an IP address is on the same network or a different network. Network Masks are made up of octets that are all 1s or zeros: 255 or 000 IP address and Network Mask are logically ANDed together to separate the Network ID from Host ID. Subnet Masks can also be used to divide large networks into smaller pieces to make routers more efficient.