1. Rapid Prototyping in Perioperative Planning JESSE ZHAN

2. Creation of 3D models Image acquisition CT, MRI, MSCT Rapid prototyping Stereolithography Liquid polymer hardens when struck by laser Rengier, F., A. Mehndiratta, H. Von Tengg-Kobligk, C. M. Zechmann, R. Unterhinninghofen, H. -U Kauczor, and F. L. Giesel. "3D Printing Based on Imaging Data: Review of Medical Applications." CARS 5 (2010): 335-41. Web. Shiraishi, Isao, Masaaki Yamagishi, Kenji Hamaoka, Masayuki Fukuzawa, and Toshikatsu Yagihara. "Simulative Operation on Congenital Heart Disease Using Rubber-like Urethane Stereolithographic Biomodels Based on 3D Datasets of Multislice Computed Tomography." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 37 (2010): 302-06. Web.

3. Medical Applications Implant and Tissue Design Bone implants Customized prostheses Biomaterials: ceramics, polymers, and metals Medical Research Complex morphologies Hemodynamics Anatomical Diagnosis Surgical Simulation Rengier, F., A. Mehndiratta, H. Von Tengg-Kobligk, C. M. Zechmann, R. Unterhinninghofen, H. -U Kauczor, and F. L. Giesel. "3D Printing Based on Imaging Data: Review of Medical Applications." CARS 5 (2010): 335-41. Web.

4. Anatomical Diagnosis Jacobs, S., R. Grunert, F. W. Mohr, and V. Falk. "3D-Imaging of Cardiac Structures Using 3D Heart Models for Planning in Heart Surgery: A Preliminary Study." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 7.1 (2008): 6-9. Web. Schumass, D., S. Haeberle, C. Hagl, and R. Sodian. "Three-dimensional Printing in Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology: A Single-centre Experience." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 47 (2015): 1044-052. Web.

5. Surgical Simulation Schumass, D., S. Haeberle, C. Hagl, and R. Sodian. "Three-dimensional Printing in Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology: A Single- centre Experience." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 47 (2015): 1044-052. Web. Shiraishi, Isao, Masaaki Yamagishi, Kenji Hamaoka, Masayuki Fukuzawa, and Toshikatsu Yagihara. "Simulative Operation on Congenital Heart Disease Using Rubber-like Urethane Stereolithographic Biomodels Based on 3D Datasets of Multislice Computed Tomography." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 37 (2010): 302-06. Web.

6. Discussion Case-by-case, and therefore difficult to quantify Very helpful in preoperative analysis of structures Useful as intraoperative references Potential as postoperative tools for patient understanding Cost and time Main limiters are material properties and image resolution

7. Questions? References Jacobs, S., R. Grunert, F. W. Mohr, and V. Falk. "3D-Imaging of Cardiac Structures Using 3D Heart Models for Planning in Heart Surgery: A Preliminary Study." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 7.1 (2008): 6-9. Web. Rengier, F., A. Mehndiratta, H. Von Tengg-Kobligk, C. M. Zechmann, R. Unterhinninghofen, H. -U Kauczor, and F. L. Giesel. "3D Printing Based on Imaging Data: Review of Medical Applications." CARS 5 (2010): 335-41. Web. Schumass, D., S. Haeberle, C. Hagl, and R. Sodian. "Three-dimensional Printing in Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology: A Single-centre Experience." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 47 (2015): 1044-052. Web. Shiraishi, Isao, Masaaki Yamagishi, Kenji Hamaoka, Masayuki Fukuzawa, and Toshikatsu Yagihara. "Simulative Operation on Congenital Heart Disease Using Rubber-like Urethane Stereolithographic Biomodels Based on 3D Datasets of Multislice Computed Tomography." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 37 (2010): 302-06. Web.