1. Challenges for Less-Advanced Economies Jan Gruntorád jg@cesnet.cz Managing Director CESNET Chairman of the CEENet NATO Consultant for Azerbaijan SERENATE WORKSHOP Brussels,17. – 18.9.2002

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1.EVOLUTION OF R&E INFRASTRUCTURE IN CZ 2.CEENet 3.TYPICAL SITUATION IN LESS-ADVANCED COUNTRY 4.CHALLENGES FOR SERENATE

3. EVOLUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC NO NETWORK BEFORE 1989 1990 - CONNECTION TO EARN/BITNET 1991 - GRANT „ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY NETWORK CONNECTED TO INTERNET“ 1992 - CESNET NETWORK OPERATIONAL 1996 - LIBERALIZATION OF LEASED-LINES PROVISION

4. 1996 – CESNET ESTABLISCHED AS LEGAL ENTITY IN 1996 (CESNET NETWORK) (27 UNIVERSITIES, CZECH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES) MEMBER OF EC FUNDED PROJECT CONSORTIONS: -TEN-34 (TEN-34 CZ) -QUANTUM (TEN-155 CZ) -GÉANT (CESNET2)

7. CEENet CENTRAL and EASTERN EUROPEAN NETWORKING ASSOCIATION 26 MEMBER STATES www.ceenet.org

8. TYPICAL SITUATION IN LESS-ADVANCED COUNTRY - VERY LOW AWARENESS OF NEED OF R&E NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE - LOW LEVEL OF FUNDING - TELECOM MARKET MONOPOLY (POOR INFRASTRUCTURE) - COMPETITION BETWEEN SEVERAL GROUPS (UNIVERSITIES – ACADEMY OF SCIENCES)

9. LOW AWARENESS OF NEED OF R&E NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE -SEMINARS FOR THE GOVERMENTAL OFFICIALS -GIVE EXAMPLES OF POSITIVE INPACT ON ECONOMY -ENABLE CONTACTS WITH ADVANCED COUNTRIES

10. LOW LEVEL OF FUNDING -INCREASE AWARENESS -NETWORK SERVICES ARE NOT FREE -PROVIDE EXTERNAL SUPPORT (COORDINATION NEEDED)

11. TELECOM MARKET MONOPOLY -PUSH FOR TELECOM MARKET LIBERALIZATION -EU VERY POSITIVE INPACT FOR LIBERALIZATION IN EU ACCESSION STATES -PROVIDE SUPPORT ONLY IF STRICTLY DEFINED CONDITIONS ARE MET

12. CREATION OF ONE NREN IN THE COUNTRY -AVOID COMPETITION BETWEEN THE GROUPS -MAKE GROUPS TO COMMUNICATE -EU COULD ACT AS CATALYZER

13. NEED FOR DIFFERENT APPROACH -IN 90´s IP INFRASTRUCTURE FOR R&E WAS THE FIRST IN COUNTRY -IN MANY COUNTRIES COMMODITY IP INFRASTRUCTURE IS MUCH MORE DEVELOPED THAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR R&E -TELECOMS SEE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR R&E AS COMPETITION

14. GOOD LUCK SERENATE!