2. 1 Mr. ShieldsRegents Chemistry U03 L02

3. 2 WHAT’S DA MATTER? Are snowflakes matter? Are you matter? Is light matter? What about a gas like Helium? Is the salt dissolved in sea water matter? Are thoughts matter? Is anti-matter matter?? Hmmm… What’s common to all things we said are matter?

4. 3 So Matter is … Anything that has mass & occupies volume –D–Do you remember the SI unit for mass? The kilogram (kg) –W–What about the SI unit for Volume? The cubic meter (m 3 ) –T–Typically, the units we’ll use for Mass and volume will be the gram & cm 3 (i.e. ml)

5. 4 Matter When we talk about matter we also need to Know something about the state of the matter. So what is a “STATE” ? It’s a Condition of being in some particular physical form

6. 5 Matter Properties of matter are classified as either Intensive or Extensive. Extensive properties are affected by how much Of the substance is presented Intensive properties are not affected by how much Material is present, or it’s size or shape Example: Density, or color Example: Mass, or volume

7. 6 Matter If it’s really cold (less than 0°) water is SOLID If it warms up a bit, water becomes LIQUID If we keep heating it up water becomes a GAS Let’s consider water: It can exist in several familiar states

8. 7 Matter Solid, Liquid and Gas are 3 of the 4 states of matter So what’s the fourth? PLASMA What are the characteristics of each of these 4 states of Matter?

9. 8 Solids SOLIDS are: 1. Tightly packed, usually in a highly organized pattern 2. Vibrate, but molecules do not move from place to place 3. Retains a fixed, rigid volume and shape 4. Not compressible – little free space between particles (pressure has no impact)

10. 9 Liquids Liquids are: 1.Close together with no regular arrangement 2. Vibrates, moves about. Easily flows past one another 3. Assumes the shape of that part of the container in which it resides 4. Also Not compressible – still little free space between particles I can push my hand through water because the molecules can move out of the way - unlike what would happen if I tried walking through the wall

11. 10 Gases Gases are: 1.Well separated with no regular arrangement 2. Vibrates and moves about freely at high velocity 4. E asily compressible – lots of free space between particles 3. Assumes the shape and volume of the container in which it resides Moves out of the way more readily than liquid. Consider the resistance you feel when walking though water vs. walking across the room.

12. 11 Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very Close together.

13. 12 4 th State of Matter - Plasma - What is plasma? Plasmas are produced by stripping away an atoms electrons We won’t talk about this state of matter too often They make up almost 99% of all matter in our Universe On Earth they are rare but there are examples all around us Ex: Lightning, fluorescent lights, flames, auroras, TV’s

14. 13 Solar Flares: Source of the solar wind (both plasmas) lead to Aurora’s on Earth The corona of the sun has a temperature between 0.5 and 5 million deg. C ( 1 to 9 million deg. F) Corona plasmas