2. 1 Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China Status Report of IHEP 1.BEPC/BES/BSRF and latest results 2.BEPCII 3.Particle Astrophysics 4.Medium and long term plan

3. 2 Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences : Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China for : – Particle physics – Accelerator technologies and applications – Synchrotron radiation technologies and applications 1000 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers, 400 PhD Students and postdoctors Established at 1950, and became an independent institute for HEP at 1973. Reforming and changing…

4. 3 Research Divisions Experimental Physics center ： BES, BESIII, CMS, Atlas… Particle Astrophysics Center ： cosmic ray, astrophysics, neutrino physics, particle astrophysics… Theory Division ： particle physics, nuclear physics, field theory, cosmology… Accelerator Center: BEPC, BEPCII, high power proton accelerator Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Lab. Nuclear Analysis Lab. Free Electron Laser Division Computer and Network Center Center of Hi-Tech R&D

5. 4 Major Facilities Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC) Beijing Spectrometer (BES) Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory Beijing Free Electron Laser (BFEL) High Density Slow Positron Source

6. 5 Bird’s Eye View of BEPC Bird’s Eye View of BEPC

7. 6 BEPC constructed in 1984 –1988 with beam energy: 1 – 2.8 GeV –Physics Run ： Luminosity 10 31 cm -2 s -1 @ 1.89GeV, 5 month/year –Synchrotron Radiation Run ： 140mA @ 2.2 GeV, 3 month/year

8. 7 Korea (4) Korea University Seoul National University Chonbuk National University Gyeongsang Nat. Univ. Japan (5) Nikow University Tokyo Institute of Technology Miyazaki University KEK U. Tokyo USA (4) University of Hawaii University of Texas at Dallas Colorado State University Stanford Linear Accelerator Center UK (1) Queen Mary University China (18) IHEP of CAS Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China Shandong Univ., Zhejiang Univ. Huazhong Normal Univ. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Peking Univ., CCAST Wuhan Univ., Nankai Univ. Henan Normal Univ. Hunan Univ., Liaoning Univ. Tsinghua Univ., Sichuan Univ. Guangxi Univ., Guangxi Normal Univ. Jiangsu Normal Univ.

9. 8 (10 6 ) World‘s largest J/  and  data sample (10 6 ) More interesting physics results are expected. J/  01.11-02.3 99.11-01.3

10. 9 Latest results from BES: Latest results from BES: — Precision measurement of R — Threshold Enhancement and New resonance

11. 10  R/R(%) Before BES 15-20 BES 6.6 BESII BESII Results R Measurement at 2-5GeV (91 points) R Measurement at 2-5GeV (91 points)

12. 11 Impact of BES’s New R Values on the SM Fit for α (M z 2 ) and Higgs mass 1995 before BES R data 2001 with BES R data g – 2 experiment

13. 12 Observation of an anomalous enhancement near the threshold of mass spectrum at BES II M=1859 MeV/c 2  < 30 MeV/c 2 (90% CL) J/    pp M(pp)-2m p (GeV) 00.10.20.3 3-body phase space acceptance  2 /dof=56/56 acceptance weighted BW +3 +5  10  25 BES II Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 022001 (2003) X(1860)

14. 13 Statistical Significance 7.7  BESII Preliminary BES: X(1835) in X(1835) 7.7  BESII Preliminary

15. 14 X(1835) could be the same structure as X(1860) indicated by pp mass threshold enhancement X(1835) mass is consistent with the mass of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement. Its width is 1.9  higher than the upper limit of the width obtained from pp mass threshold enhancement. On the other hand, if the FSI effect is included in the fit of the pp mass spectrum, the width of the resonance near pp mass threshold will become larger.

16. 15 BEPC 4w1 Diffuse Scattering X-ray fluorescence analysis Topography 4B9 X-ray Diffraction Small angle scattering Photoemission SpectroscPopy 3B1 Lithography 3W1 Middle energy 4W1B 4W1A 4B9B 4B9A 3B1B 3B1A 3W1A 3W1B 4 wigglers and 13 beam lines. > 300 exp./year from > 100 institutions Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility 140mA@2.2GeV 1W1A XAFS 1W1B High-pressure diffraction LIGA VUV Macromolecular 3B3 1w1 4w2 3B3 Soft X-ray Optics

17. 16 More than 200 scientific papers published by users each year 450 experiments were carried out in the 6 month SR running User community grows quickly Special arrangement of beam time with KEK/PF for our users during the long shutdown of upgrade.

18. 17 Structure of third type of light–harvester protein. The structure diffraction data taken at BSRF.

19. 18 富含半胱氨酸分泌 蛋白 L 氨基酸氧化酶 SARS 病毒主蛋白酶 3 磷酸甘油脱氢酶 鼠肝炎病毒 表面糖蛋白 甲基化酶 真核起始因子 3 植物防御蛋白 > 40 Protein molecular structures obtained

20. 19 Beijing Free Electron Laser First in Asia Beam energy 30 MeV Infra-red FEL many applications

21. 20 BEPC future development High Precision Frontier: precise measurement in charm energy region (2-4 GeV), and search for new phenomena. Transition between continuum and resonance's, perturbative and non-perturbative QCD Rich of resonance's, charmonium and charmed mesons. New type of hadronic matter predicted in the region, e.g. glueball and hybrid ， pentquark, exotic particles… Advantages at Threshold : large , low multiplicity, pure initial state, S/B optimum

22. 21 Future development: BEPCII Upgrade BEPC into two ring collider, increasing luminosity by a factor 100, rebuild detector to adapt high event rate and reduce sys. errors. Cost: 77M US$. Comparison with CESRc: –Lumi. of BEPCII is a factor of 3-7 higher than designed value of CESRc –Beam energy spread of BEPCII is about half → BEPCII statistics will be about one order of magnitude higher than CLEOc → BEPCII statistics will be about one order of magnitude higher than CLEOc –Detector performance similar

23. 22 2. BEPCII: High Lumi. Double–ring Collider Build new ring inside existing ring. Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two IR’s, forming a double ring collider. BEPCII

24. 23 BEPC II Double ring Design In the existing BEPC tunnel, add another ring, cross over at south and north points, two equal rings for electrons and positrons. Advanced double-ring collision technology. 93 bunches ， total current > 0.9A in each ring. Collision spacing ： 8 ns. In south, collision with large cross-angle （ ±11 mr ）. Calculated luminosity ： 10 33 cm -2 s -1 @ 3.78GeV of C.M. energy. Linac upgrade: e + 50mA/min., Full energy injection up to 1.89GeV In north cross point, connecting SR beam between two outer rings, in south cross point, use dipole magnet to bend the beam back to outer ring. SR run ： 250mA @ 2.5 GeV. Major detector upgrade ： BES III.

25. 24 BEPCII Main Parameters Energy E(GeV)1.89Energy spread(10 -4 ) σ e 5.16 Circumference C(m)237.53Emittance ε x /ε y (nm)144/2.2 Harmonic number h396Momentum compact α p 0.0235 RF frequency f rf (MHz)499.8β * x /β * y (m)1/0.015 RF Voltage V rf (MV)1.5Tunes ν x /ν y /ν z 6.57/7.6/0.034 Energy loss/turn U 0 (keV) 121Chromaticities ν ’ x /ν ’ y -11.9/-25.4 Damping time τ x /τ y /τ z (ms) 25/25/12.5Natural bunch length σ z0 (cm)1.3 Total current/beam I(A)0.91 Crossing angle  (mrad) ±11 SR Power P(kW)110Piwinski angle Φ(rad)0.435 Bunch number N b 93Bunch spacing S b (m)2.4 Bunch current I b (mA)9.8 Beam-beam parameter  x /  y 0.04/0.04 Particle number N t 4.5×10 12 Luminosity(10 33 cm -2 s -1 ) L 0 1.0

26. 25 Luminosity Increase Micro-  :  y *  =5cm  1.5 cm Super-conducting magnet Impedance red. and SC RF cavity  z  =5cm  <1.5cm D.R.: multi bunches h~400, k b =1  93 (L BEPCII / L BEPC ) D.R. =(5.5/1.5)  93  9.8/35=96 L BEPC =1.0  10 31 cm -2 s -1  L BEPCII =1  10 33 cm -2 s -1 I b =9.8mA,  y =0.04

27. 26 Schedule: 3 stages Stage I: –May –Oct. 04: Linac upgrade √ – Removing BES detector √ –Dec. 04 – June 05: SR running √ Stage II: –Remove old ring √ –Install two rings : Dec. 05 – June 06 –1 July - 30 Nov. 06: Tuning two ring machine – SR running: Autumn 06 – BES III detector assembling and tuning Stage III – Dec. 06 BESIII moving into beam line – Jan. – April. 07 : Machine-Detector tuning. Physics run by May 2007

28. 27 BEPC upgrading interleave SR running BEPC stopped e+e- collision Feb. 2004. BEPC run SR until April 30 2004 Installation of Linac upgrade: May-Oct. 2004 Tuning Lianc: e- @ Nov. 2004; e+ Mar 2005. most specification reached. SR running + machine study: Dec. 2004 – June 2005. > 450user experiments Removing existing ring: 4 July 2005

29. 28 Progress of BEPCII: Linac The installation of Linac upgrade finished at middle of Oct. 2004. Tuning Linac, e - beam available for the ring injection middle of Nov. Synchrotron radiation running started at the end of Dec. 2004, Linac Tuning progress: close to design goals. –e+ beam available at the end of Linac March 19 –At the end of Linac, e+ current reached design value, and emmitance is better than design value. –Frequency 12.5Hz →25Hz → 50Hz – Positron injection successful.

30. 29

31. 30 Progress of BEPCII Mass production of most of components are successful. Many technical problems solved. Quality control; –Antechambers –Magnets –Special magnets at interaction region –Power supplies –Pre-alignment of half unit. – …… Dec. 04 - June 05 SR running finished. 4 July Storage ring upgrade started.

32. 31 SC cavities arrived

33. 32 Magnet Production finished

34. 33 50% of half units pre-aligned Half unit

35. 34 Simulation of installation

36. 35 Injection kicker magnet

37. 36 Fabrication of vacuum chamber

38. 37 Production of SC quads at BNL, the first arrived IHEP Oct. 05

39. 38 Dual-aperture magnet (Q1) Q1a Q1b

40. 39 Installation of two cryogenics systems finished, and reached the specification

41. 40 Adapt to high event rate of BEPCII: 10 33 cm -2 s -1 and bunch spacing 8ns Reduce sys. errors to match high statistics photon measurement, PID… Increase acceptance MDC: small cell & He gas  xy =130  m s p /p = 0.5% @1GeV dE/dx=6% EMCAL: CsI crystal  E/E = 2.2% @1 GeV  z = 0.5 cm/  E TOF:  T = 100 ps Barrel 110 ps Endcap Magnet: 1 T Super conducting Muon ID: 9 layer RPC Trigger: Tracks & Showers Pipelined; Latency = 2.4 ms Data Acquisition: Event rate = 3 kHz Thruput ~ 50 MB/s BESIII detector BESIII detector

42. 41 Mechanical Structure of Draft Chamber

43. 42 洁净间 穿丝机 Draft Chamber wiring machine

44. 43 60% of wires done

45. SC magnet: coil winding Coil winding completed on June 3

46. 45 Assembling of BESII SC Magnet

47. 46

48. 47 Magnet Yoke is ready

49. 48 Progress of CsI calorimeter 6300 crystals, (5.2x 5.2 – 6.4 x 6.4) x 28cm3 PD readout, noise ~1100 ENC Energy resolution: 2.5%@1GeV Position resolution: 5mm@1GeV crystal testing and assembling for barrel Total in barrel receivedtestedAssembled # of crystal 5280 373633402400 %71%63%45%

50. 49  system : RPC 9 layer, 2000 m 2 Bakelites, no lineseed oil 4cm strips, 10000 channels Noise less than 0.04 Hz/cm 2 Production finished Installation finished

51. 50 BSRF upgrading New exp. Hall #15: new beam line and exp. Station: #2 macro molecular station rearrange Halls #12 and #13: #12 allows SR running during e+e- collision. Upgrading 50% beam line, exp. Stations. Multiple science research.

52. 51 III IV I A new experimental hall and several beamlines will be built (commissioned) in I region

53. 52 ResonanceMass(GeV) CMS Peak Lum. (10 33 cm -2 s -1 ) Physics Cross Section (nb) Nevents/yr J/  3.0970.6340010  10 9  3.6701.02.412  10 6  (2S)3.6861.06403.2  10 9 D 0 D 0 bar3.7701.03.618  10 6 D+D-D+D- 4.0301.02.814  10 6 DsDs4.0300.60.321.0  10 6 DsDs4.1400.60.672.0  10 6 Average Lum: L = 0.5×Peak Lum.; One year data taking time: T = 10 7 s N event /year =  exp  L  T Charm Productions at BEPCII Huge J/  and  (2S) sample at BESIII; Note: assuming all R&D study are based on 4 years for D and Ds ( 20 fb -1 ) and one year for J/  (10 billion) and  (2S) (3.0 billion).

54. 53 Physics Topics covered by BESIII Charmonium: J/ ,  (2S),  C (1S) in J/  decay,  C{0,1,2},  C (2S) and h C ( 1 P 1 ) in  (2S) decay,  (1D) and so on Exotics : hybrids, glueballs, other exotics in J/  and  (2S) radiative decays; Baryons and excited baryons in J/  and  (2S) hadronic decays; Mesons and mixing of quark and gluon in J/  and  (2S) decays; Open charm factory : Absolute BR measurements of D and Ds decays, Rare D decay, D 0 -D 0 bar mixing, CP violation, f D+, f Ds, form factors in semi-leptonic D decays, precise measurement of CKM (Vcd, Vcs) CP violation and strong phase in D Dalitz Decays, light spectroscopy in D 0 and D + Dalitz Decays. Electromagnetic form factors and QCD cross section; New Charmonium states above open charm threshold---R values...; tau physics near the threshold.

55. 54 Spectroscopy, Glueball, Exotics in J/  Radiative Decays The absence of glueball, exotics is one of the most obvious features of QCD, until now there is no any experimental evidence yet. J/   X Radiative decays: spectroscopy glueball, exotics. OZI rule  flavor tagging of X hadron quark contents X X Excited baryon states in J/  decays

56. 55 Gluonic Matter in J/  Decays More than one billion J/  radiative decays per year at BESIII Complete study of scalar glueball and mixing will be available: s G n f(1710) f(1500) f(1370) J/    PP J/    X(   V) J/  ->VPP As flavor filters F.Close, Q.Zhao hep-ph/0504043 F.Close hep-ph/0411396 F.Close, G. Farrar, Z. Li PRD55(5749) Unexpected results from J /         ’  ’  ’    ,  ’     with multi-   final states, benefit from the modern  detector and large solid coverage of 1.0-2.5 GeV mass region. Detail Partial Wave Decomposition will be possible!

57. 56 Hints for New Spectroscopy-another way to challenge SM 2003 2004 2005 Belle BaBar BESII J/    pp M=1859 MeV/c 2  < 30 MeV/c 2 (90% CL) +3 +5  10  25 J/        ’ Are they the same particle? X(3872) D sJ (2317) D sJ (2458) Y(3940) Z(3930) X(3940) Y(4260) X(1835) mass is consistent with the mass of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement. X(1835) X(1860) A detail angular analysis will definitely tell us the JPC of X(1835) at BESIII: 35  10 4 events in J/    pp (  = 50%) 24  10 4 events in J/        ’ (  = 12%) for 10 billion J/  Many unexpected new states were observed at B factories and BES! Courtesy of R. Faccini

58. 57 Measurement of Decay constants f D+ and f Ds Experiment/LQCD consistent at 45% CL Now: LQCD error ~8% CLEO-c error 8% Need latest LQCD predictions to few % by summer 2006 f D+ & 2007 f Ds With 20 fb -1 at BESIII: f D+ to 1% ; f Ds to 0.7% @ CM energy  4140MeV Challenge QCD! Tag D fully reconstructed 1 additional track (consistent with a muon) Compute missing mass 2 : peaks at 0 for signal

59. 58 Usual analysis technique for P  3P decays is Dalitz-plot analysis technique  D 0  ABC (P  3P) – described by 2 variables  Dalitz plot (M AB ) 2 vs (M BC ) 2 Variety of Physics probed at BESIII with 20fb -1 : –Doubly-Cabibbo suppressed decays –CP Violation –charm mixing –Properties of light mesons –Properties  & K  S-wave Charm Meson Three Body Decays hep-ex/0410014

60. 59 The Future of Precision Flavor Physics  Vub/Vub 15% l B  l D   Vcd/Vcd 7% l D   Vcs/Vcs 16% l B D  Vcb/Vcb 5% BdBd BdBd  Vtd/Vtd 36% BsBs BsBs  Vts/Vts 39%  Vtb/Vtb 29%  Vus/Vus 1%   l  Vud/Vud 0.1% e p n t b W Goal: Measure all CKM matrix elements and associated phases in order to over-constrain the unitary triangles from BESIII and B factories. BESIII  Vcd/Vcd 1.2%  Vcs/Vcs 1.1% l D  l D  BESIII + Lattice QCD +B factories + pp BdBd BdBd  Vtd/Vtd 3.5% BsBs BsBs  Vts/Vts 3.5% BESIII + Lattice QCD +B factories  Vub/Vub 3.5% l B  l B D  Vcb/Vcb 2.1% BESIII One year Lumi. 5fb -1 DDbar

61. 60 D 0 mixing and direct CP violation x mixing: Channel for New Physics y (long-range) mixing: SM background New physics will enhance x but not y. BESIII is sensitive to 10 -5 for the mixing rate Rmix if the TOF resolution is designed to be around 100ps. Direct CPV D mixing  ( ) ≠  Sensitivity (two body final states) A cp < 0.01 (CLEO-c) <2 x10 -3 (BESIII)

62. 61 3fb -1 BESIII 0.6 6.3 Sensitivities 10 -6 20fb -1 3fb -1 Focus experiment: hep-ex/0306049 G. Burdman: PRD66 014009(2002) SM prediction: Br(D 0   )  O(10 -8 ) Br(D 0       O(10 -13 )  10 -7 with 20fb -1 D 0 D 0 bar at BESIII Sensitive to new physics Rare & Forbidden D Decays: FCNC, LFV, LNV

63. 62 In glueball and exotic particle search, at least one photon in the final states, most important modes may only contain neutral final states in J/  and  (2S) decays. BESII detector Physics at BESII Unstable Physics at BESIII Stable BESIII detector Since 1974, for charm study, BESIII will be the first hermetic detector for neutral and charged particle with excellent resolution and PID, high solid acceptance and high statistics. 80% solid detector coverage for whole event. Unique Opportunity for Charm Physics at BESIII Poor resolution for photon (22% @1GeV), Small solid detector coverage for whole event (50%) J/      , ,  ’,  ’  ’,      D decays ……

64. 63 Preliminary Plan of Data Taking at BESIII J/J/  (2S) Peak @3.67  (3770) scan  (3770) peak  (4040) and  (4160) BESIII upgrade BEPCII upgrade 10 billion J /  3 billion  (2S) 100 Million DD pairs 10 Million  +  - pairs

65. 64 e + e - e-proton proton-proton today 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 LHC ILC TEVATRON HERA LEP,SLC Energy Frontier Colliders: Flavor Specific Accelerators: e + e - (b factory) e + e - (c factory) e + e - (s factory) CLIC  Collider LHCb PEP-II, KEKB VEPP, CLEO-c, BEPCI BEPCII DA  NE FNAL, CERN, J-PARC High Energy Physics in Collision The important opportunity of BEPCII in the LHC era!

66. 65 BESIII International collaboration 21 Chinese institutions: IHEP, Beijing Univ., Tsinghua Univ., USTC, Shangdong Uni., Huazhong Normal Uni., zhongshan Univ.… Japanese institutions: KEK, Univ. of Tokyo US institutions: –U. of Hawaii: calibration of TOF extremely important –Univ. of Washington Russian institutions: JINR German institutions: GSI Swedish institutions: Univ. of Uppsala BESIII collaboration will be formed earlier next year Welcome more collaborators

67. 66 BESIII organization collaboration Executive board 9 Institutional board committeesSub-groups Spokespersons 3 coordinators

68. 67 BEPCII: Great challenge Mass production goes smoothly Infrastructure installation in tunnel: nearly done. Many technical problems solved Installation of Ring will be started next month. Project is on schedule basically Many challenges: SC devices, cryogenics system, ECAL strucutre…. Thank you very much for strong supports from US lab’s: SLAC,BNL,FANL,LBL… Very interesting physics of Charm region IHEP and SLAC has long history of cooperation, Welcome more US physicists to join BESIII,

69. 68 Particle Astrophysics

70. 69 Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory （ Tibet, 4300m ） IHEP-INFN RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

71. 70 AMS02: ECAL IHEP/LAPP/Pisa Flight module is ready. AMS01 permanent and structure were built at Beijing, and became the first big magnet in space as payload of Discovery June 1998. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

72. 71 Hard X-ray Modulate Telescope Satellite scan sky for hard X ray point sources, study for black holes. Charged particle shielding Collimator Crystals PMT Support structure Approved by Chinese Gov. to be launch by 2010

73. 72 Comparison between HXMT and INTEGRAL Angular Resolution 2’ 15’ Source Location 0.2’ 2’ Sensitivity (10 -7 / cm 2 S keV) 3 10 Observation Mode survey yes no local imaging yes yes pointing yes no the HXMT satellite is expected to be launched by 2010 HXMT INTEGRAL

74. 73 Ground prototype of HXMT

75. 74 International cooperation activities LHC : –CMS (1/3 end cap muon CSC ) & Atlas (MDT) detector production finished in Beijing, installation team @cern –Physics and MC actively. –Tier 2 at IHEP for CMS and Atals. CMS LCG cooperate with CMS ILC: Parameter choice, IHEP & Tsinghua U., Damping Ring study, IHEP group; Positron source study, sponsored by NSFC RF power and modulators ATF2 collaboration, magnet production is in progress ; Superconducting RF cavity study (IHEP and Peking)

76. 75 Medium and Long Term Plan of IHEP Chinese Government organizes a national wide effort to make medium and long term plan for Science and technology. IHEP is interested in several fields, specially for Particle physics, Particle Astrophysics Accelerator technology Synchrotron Radiation and applications big science facility, Taking the advantage of BSRF and other facilities, IHEP should extent research fields to protein structure, nano-science, material science, follow good examples of BNL, ANL and KEK … → Multiple Sciences Research Center

77. 76 Possible Projects for Medium Term Charm physics @ BEPCII Modulated hard X-ray telescope satellite Neutrino experiments: –Reactor neutrino to measure sin 2 2  13 –National underground Lab. –Very LBL oscillation experiment: J-Prac→ Beijing High power proton Accelerator: –Chinese Spallation Neutron Source 100KW→200 KW – Accelerator Driven Subcritical system Hard X-ray FEL: HGHG? Convert BEPC into dedicated SR source after BEPCII finished physics running

78. Visit ORNL 77 BSNS site preliminary layout Chinese Gov. approved BSNS in principle

79. Visit ORNL 78

80. Visit ORNL 79

81. Visit ORNL 80

82. Visit ORNL 81 R&D activities: RFQ  A 4-vane, 352 MHz, 3.5 MeV RFQ is under test  Fabricated in China for $1.2M  Newly chosen linac & RFQ frequency at 325 MHz

83. 82 Parameterization of neutrino mixing 6 fundamental parameters in neutrino physics ： Known ： |  m 2 32 |,sin 2 2  32 ，  m 2 21,sin 2 2  21 Unknown: sin 2 2   ，  , sign of  m 2 32 Exp. ： reactor VLBL oscillation Daya Bay Reactor J-Parc → Beijing Neutrino mixing parameters

84. 83 Thanks !