1. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon Lectures by Chris Romero Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

2. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.0 Asexual reproduction - offspring produced by - without Sexual reproduction - fertilization of sperm and egg produces

3. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION 8.1 Asexual reproduction – chromosomes are – cell – each daughter cell is genetically identical to Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. Sexual reproduction - each offspring inherits a unique combination of - result =

5. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings THE EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS 8.2 Eukaryotic genes - grouped into - chromosomes duplicate with each - contain a very long

6. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Eukaryotic cell division - chromosomes - sister chromatids - now called - cell divides into two - each with an identical set of

7. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.3 Cell cycle - an ordered series of - starting from the time a cell - until it

8. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Most of the cell cycle is in - G1: cell - S: DNA synthesis - G2: cell prepares for The cell actually divides in - Mitosis: division of

9. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.4 Cell division changes Interphase: - duplication of - chromosomes become Prophase - the first stage of - the mitotic spindle - centrosomes move to opposite - nuclear membrane

10. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metaphase - chromosomes are aligned single file Anaphase: - chromosomes separate & Telophase - nuclear envelopes form Cytokinesis - the cytoplasm

11. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.5 Cytokinesis - differs for plant and animal cells - animals - ring contracts and - plants - cell plate develops into between two Animation: Cytokinesis Animation: Cytokinesis

12. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings CONNECTION 8.6 Cancer cells - produce tumors by dividing - Benign: abnormal cells - Malignant: abnormal cells can spread to other - metastasis: spread of through the

13. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings MEIOSIS AND CROSSING OVER 8.7 Humans have pairs of homologous chromosomes – carry genes for the same characteristics at – one chromosome is inherited from – and one from

14. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.8 Diploid cells - have two sets of - somatic Haploid cells - have one set of - gametes (

15. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8.9 Meiosis -includes two -to form four haploid -reduces the chromosome # from – Meiosis I Homologous chromosomes are Each homologous pair divides into

16. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Meiosis II – sister chromatids of each chromosome – result is - with half

17. ALTERATIONS OF CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND STRUCTURE 8.10 Karyotype - a photographic inventory of - chromosomes are photographed and - normal humans have: - 22 - two Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. CONNECTION 8.11 Down syndrome - caused by trisomy 21 (an extra - many physical and - increased incidence in