1. Presidents of Texas Sam Houston Mirabeau Lamar Sam Houston *
Anson Jones
* Under the Constitution of 1836, a person could not be elected president for consecutive terms.

3. 1st President of Republic
Sam Houston
1st President of Republic

4. Became the 1st president on October 22, 1836

5. Capital Columbia was too small
Houston (new city being formed) was chosen to be capital for 3 years
Houston had muddy streets, crudely built homes and swarms of mosquitoes

8. Economic Policies

9. DEBT: We owe & we have no $
At the end of term, the national debt was $2 million
Believed in SMALL government
Tried to save rather than spend

10. Land Policy

11. Rich in LAND
Paid veterans with land
Cheap land for settlers

12. American Indian Policy

13. CONFLICT More Anglo settlers in Central Texas led to more raids
President Houston called out the Texas Rangers to patrol
Houston worked on improving relations between the Cherokees and Texas government.

15. Army Unrest

16. Houston faced serious problems with the military.
The army was restless and wanted to invade Mexico.
Houston did not want to go to war with Mexico again. He knew it would be costly and they could lose!
He wanted peace but would fight if needed.
President Houston sent all but 600 soldiers home on leave and never recalled them.

17. Annexation
Houston was FOR annexation, which meant he supported joining US

18. Texas gets a new President
Houston could not be re-elected as President after he served two years, because the Constitution of 1836 forbid him from doing so
Texans elected Mirabeau B. Lamar
Constitution of 1836
President Mirabeau B. Lamar 18

19. Mirabeau Lamar
President

20. Public Education Father of Texas Education
Stressed the need for public education system
Congress granted each county 17,712 acres of land to support public schools
Set aside 231,400 acres for future establishment of public universities

21. New Capital Lamar thought Houston was too far east
He wanted the capital to be moved west
In 1839 he chose Waterloo and renamed it Austin
Who was it named for?
Many were not happy- they said Austin was isolated, too far west and in Comanche territory

24. Other Policies

25. Lamar Spent $2.5 million fighting the Indian wars in 3 years
Spent millions on the Texas Navy
No one would lend Lamar’s government money
By the end of his term, paper dollar was only worth 15 cents
Texas debt $7 million dollars

26. Indian Policy
The white man and the red man cannot dwell in harmony together Nature forbids it….
Mirabeau B. Lamar, 1839

27. Lamar Reversed Houston’s policies on Cherokees
He ordered Cherokee removal from Texas
The Texas Army attacked the Cherokees on July 16, 1839
Nearly 100 Cherokees were killed including Chief Bowles
The remaining Cherokees were forced across the Red River

28. Chief Bowles
Born in North Carolina and moved to Texas in 1819
Cherokee leader
Friend of Sam Houston

29. Council House Fight

30. Comanche Trouble
The Comanche and Texans agreed to meet in San Antonio in 1840 to make a peace treaty.
The Comanches agreed to bring their Anglo captives but only brought Matilda Lockhart.
Matilda was covered in bruises, sores

33. Matilda told the Texans that the Comanche were holding 13 others.
Texans tried to take the Comanches hostage but they fought back.
7 Texans and 35 Comanches were killed
The Comanches killed their hostages and vowed revenge.
They refused any more treaties with Texas or to even talk to Texans.
“The greatest blunder in the history of Texas - Native American relations.”

34. Back to Lamar
Cheap land for settlers (the only thing he and Houston agreed on!)
Against annexation
For WAR w/ Mexico

35. Output (rough draft)
Houston and Lamar are running against each other for President of Texas.
Choose one of the candidates and create a campaign poster!
2 promises (from the issues)
2 accomplishments (from before they became president or during their 1st term)
Name, slogan, graphics and color

37. Why do we need it? Why can/can’t we get it? What can we do to get it?
Foreign Recognition
Why do we need it?
Why can/can’t we get it?
What can we do to get it?

38. Texas needed to be recognized as an independent nation.
WHY?

39. United States
Texas wanted US to recognize it so they would be annexed by the US. They also wanted protection, trade and financial help from the US.
The U.S. was worried about angering Mexico.

40. President Andrew Jackson and the U. S
President Andrew Jackson and the U.S. formally recognized Texas on March 3, 1837.

41. Mexico
Texas wanted Mexico to recognize it as an independent country so Mexico would not invade or harass Texas. Santa Anna had agreed to help win Texas’ recognition after release but did not.
Mexico refused to recognize Texas and continued to claim it as Mexico.

42. Mexico finally recognized Texas in 1845 after the US and Texas agreed on annexation.
Mexico’s recognition was on the condition that Texas stayed independent.

43. Europe
Texas hoped that European recognition would open up trade and cause the US to annex Texas quicker.
Europe was afraid to offend Mexico.

44. Europe quickly recognized Texas
Europe quickly recognized Texas. Europe hoped Texas would remain independent and stop US expansion.

45. Join the US or stay an independent country?
Annexation?
Join the US or
stay an independent country?

46. Pros
Cons
Most Texans were from the US
Texas could retain control over trade and other policies
Texas and the US had close business ties
Texas could expand westward
US military protection
North: Anti-slavery
US currency
US post office and other services
South: Slavery

47. 1844- 1845 Texas’ last President
Anson Jones
Texas’ last President

48. Annexation Jones would not take a stand on annexation
The people of Texas were furious! They wanted annexation!
June 4,1845: Jones offered Texas a choice of annexation or independence.
Mexico had finally recognized Texas
TEXAS WANTED ANNEXATION!

49. “The Republic of Texas is no more.”
Anson Jones retired to his plantation and Texas became the 28th state of the US.
James K. Polk is president of US at the time

51. “Mr. Manifest Destiny”
James K. Polk
-11th President

52. Distraught and moody about not being chosen to be a US Senator, Jones committed suicide in 1858 in Houston.

53. Output
Acrostic Poem A N E X T I O