1.  Click here for hook video
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE s
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2. BYZANTIUM RENAMED
Byzantium  Greek city-state renamed Constantinople, 330 A.D. –location amazing for trade!
Became capital city of Byzantine Empire
Trade continued, cultural diffusion HUGE

3. CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHT
Crusades fought in
Byzantine & invasions
by Turks & Mongols
common by 13th Century
Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government
Wanted to take down Crusaders & break up Empire to take over

4. GHAZIS
Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders)
Followed strict code of conduct
Raided territories
Muslim (believed in Islam)

5. OSMAN & OTTOMANS OSMAN  most successful ghazi & a Muslim
His followers  OTTOMANS
Builds unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey)
Uses gunpowder
Among 1st to use cannons & muskets

6. OTTOMAN CANNON

7. OTTOMAN CANNON

8. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMAN
Takes over Byzantium area & establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1299
Kind ruler to those he conquered  Allowed local rulers to remain in place
Improved lives of peasants
Protected religious preferences
Taxed people fairly (even non-Muslims)
Rulers called SULTANS – “one with power”

9. RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE)
TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from Asia
Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground
Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls
Halted expansion of
Ottoman Empire until 1405

10. TIMUR THE LAME’S EMPIRE

11. TIMUR THE LAME VIDEO

12. MEHMET II Son of last captured sultan, MEHMET II new sultan
builds fleet & massive army to attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity)
1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empire
“Give me Constantinople!”

13. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET II
Mehmet now called MEHMET THE CONQUEROR
HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque
Islam religion became unifying force
BUT religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city

14. HAGIA SOPHIA

15. CONQUERING CONSTANTINOPLE VIDEO

16. SELIM THE GRIM Overthrew father & murdered brothers
Killed all nephews & own kids, but 1 son
Crazy guy, but effective!
Defeated Safavids of Persia & conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities)
Happened at same time Cortez takes over Aztecs

17. SULEIMAN I
– Suleiman (“the lawgiver”) – built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE
Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe
Efficient government structure
w/social organization
(held for 600 years!)

18. SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE 20,000 personal slaves
30,000 JANISSARIES: force of people from conquered Christian territories
DEVSHIRME: practice of capturing young boys, educating them, converting them to Islam, and training them as soldiers

19. SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTS
Freedom of worship
Binding the Ottoman Empire together
Simplified taxation system
Reduced government interference (bureacracy)
“Renaissance Man”
Art & Literature flourished

20. SULEIMAN VIDEO

21. SELIM II Suleiman killed best son & drove away another  3rd
incompetent son, SELIM II
inherited throne
Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations
Defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy

22. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE?
Became customary to kill off good sons & cut off rest from education  produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire
Empire crumbled
slowly & finally
dissolved with
creation of Turkey
after World War I