1. Unit 5: Learning
Associative learning*: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative learning.

2. Topic: Classical Conditioning
Unit 5: Learning
Topic: Classical Conditioning
“Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies
It’s a matter of instinct,
a matter of conditioning,
a matter of fact.
You can call me Pavlov’s dog.
Ring a bell and I’ll salivate,
How’d you like that?”

3. Ivan PAVLOV discovered classical conditioning
key name
Ivan PAVLOV
discovered classical conditioning
conducted the famous salivating dog experiment
Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1904 for his research on digestion

4. Dog in Pavlov’s Apparatus (clip)

5. Pavlov’s Dog Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus):
tuning fork / bell
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
sight of food
UCR (unconditioned response)
salivation
CS (conditioned stimulus)
tuning fork / bell
CR (conditioned response)
salivation

8. NS (neutral stimulus):
Every time I go near the cabinet where Rover’s treats are kept, Rover comes and sits, waiting for a treat.
NS (neutral stimulus):
cabinet
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
treats
UCR (unconditioned response)
come and sit
CS (conditioned stimulus)
cabinet
CR (conditioned response)
come and sit

9. NS (neutral stimulus):
Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4-years-old. Now, every time he hears the song, “da-duh, dah-duh, da-duh…) he gets anxious.
NS (neutral stimulus):
“da-duh”
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
scary movie
UCR (unconditioned response)
fear / anxiety
CS (conditioned stimulus)
“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response)
fear / anxiety

10. Pavlov's Dog in the Office

11. Pavlov’s Dog – the Office
NS (neutral stimulus):
“computer sound”
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
offer of mint
UCR (unconditioned response)
put hand out
CS (conditioned stimulus)
“computer sound”
CR (conditioned response)
put hand out

12. Lemonade Activity*

13. More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction
when a CR no longer follows a CS
Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song?
CS (conditioned stimulus)
“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response)
fear / anxiety

14. More Classical Conditioning Terminology
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period
spontaneous recovery
CS (conditioned stimulus)
“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response)
fear / anxiety
Time Passes
CS (conditioned stimulus)
“da-duh”
CR (conditioned response)
fear / anxiety

15. More Classical Conditioning Terminology
generalization
similar stimuli elicit similar responses
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
CS (conditioned stimulus)
tuning fork
Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED.
CR (conditioned response)
salivation

16. More Classical Conditioning Terminology
learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli
discrimination
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
CS (conditioned stimulus)
tuning fork
CR (conditioned response)
salivation
The dog only salivates when he hears that particular tuning fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has DISCRIMINATED.

17. More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction
when a CR no longer follows a CS
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period
spontaneous recovery
generalization
similar stimuli elicit similar responses
learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli
discrimination

18. Can I Get A Volunteer to Be Conditioned?*
Water in the Face Activity

19. “Water in the Face Demo”
NS (neutral stimulus):
The word “CAN”
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
Spray
UCR (unconditioned response)
Wincing at spray
CS (conditioned stimulus)
The word “CAN”
CR (conditioned response)
Wincing at “CAN”

20. John WATSON founder of Behaviorism
key name
John WATSON
founder of Behaviorism
conducted the famous & controversial “Little Albert” experiment

21. Little Albert Video
Turn off sound!

22. Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus):
furry things
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
loud noise
UCR (unconditioned response)
startled
CS (conditioned stimulus)
furry things
CR (conditioned response)
startled

23. John GARCIA Discovered idea of Taste Aversion
key name
John GARCIA
Born in 1917
Discovered idea of Taste Aversion
Taste aversion later became known as the “Garcia Effect

24. Garcia’s Taste Aversion Studies
Set up experiment with rats. Exposed them to sights, sounds, and tastes (CS) and later also gave them radiation or drugs that led to nausea and vomiting (UCR).
Even if sickened hours later, rats avoided the particular flavor of water but did NOT develop aversions to the sights or sounds.

25. Importance of Taste Aversion Studies
1.) Violated behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as a CS.
2.) Shows that nature prepares the members of each species to learn those things crucial to their survival.
3.) Are exceptions to classical conditioning rules: UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately.