1. Chapter 6: Learning Essential Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning?

2. Thoughts on Learning “Learning is not compulsory. Neither is survival.” W. Edwards Demming “Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.” B.F. Skinner “I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it.” Pablo Picasso

3. What is Learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience

4. Why do grades matter? Why does a letter or number mean something to you? Why do we try to avoid certain numbers and letters? When you listen to old songs, do you have certain “rushes” of emotion from the time period that that song was popular? The song, the letters, the numbers all have associations with certain amount of experiences.

5. Stimulus Something that produces a reaction

6. Response Reaction to a stimulus

7. Conditioning Learning

8. Classical Conditioning Simple form of learning, in which one stimulus comes to call forth the response usually called forth by another stimulus.

9. Types of Learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Cognitive Factors in Learning –Latent Learning –Observational Learning

10. Ivan Pavlov Russian Scientist Studied the digestive tracks of dogs Noticed that dogs began to salivate when they heard the people coming with their supper Decided to investigate further into this reaction

11. Letters of Learning (US) Unconditioned Stimulus -a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without any prior conditioning (no learning needed for the response to occur). (UR) Unconditioned Response -an unlearned reaction/response to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without prior conditioning.

12. Letters of Learning (CS) Conditioned Stimulus - a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. (CR) Conditioned Response - a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of prior conditioning.

22. Adapting to the environment Have you ever eaten something and gotten sick on it and you cannot eat this again because of this bad experience? This is an example of taste aversion Taste Aversion is defined as learned avoidance of a particular food

23. Food Aversion US is the food UR is nausea Through pairing (maybe only once) CS is the food CR is nausea

24. Food-grade taste aversion agent made from bitter, smelly part of concord grapes (active ingredient methyl anthranilate), renders fruit and foliage unpalatable to birds.Food-grade taste aversion agent made from bitter, smelly part of concord grapes (active ingredient methyl anthranilate), renders fruit and foliage unpalatable to birds.

25. What would happen if Pavlov kept ringing the bell and not giving the dog the food? (that is after the dog was conditioned to the bell)

26. Extinction

27. What if Pavlov’s dog was fed normally (without the bell) and in a month later, he hears the bell…what would he do?

28. Spontaneous Recovery

29. What if Pavlov’s dog was conditioned to the tuning fork (CS) and then Pavlov switched to a hand held bell?

30. Generalization

31. What if the tuning fork (CS) was switched with a doorbell?

32. Discrimination

33. Little Albert (call DFACS)pg 134 Let us read…. Now write a quick write on “My childhood fears: How extinction changed these fears. Discuss the fact that as we mature, changing circumstances, recondition us. How does this relate to classical conditioning.