1. 1 International Funds for Development Assistance and their View of HIV Former World Bank President James Wolfensohn Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, visiting the highly HIV-impacted India The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donates $100m to India Newsweek 02.12.28 Dr. Sadik, U.N. Special Envoy for HIV in Asia- Pacific “HIV is the greatest long-term threat to Human Security” HIV is “a threat to development, no, the greatest threat to development that we have faced”

2. 2 HIV / AIDS and Development ： HIV+ persons worldwide Total approx. 43,000,000 as of 12 / 2005 15,000 人 1,500,000+ 8,000,000 人 30,000,000 人 600,000 人 1,500,000 人 1,000,000 人 1,000,000 人 1,200,000 1,200,000 人

3. 3 Region Adults and ChildrenAdult Percent Sub-Saharan Africa 29,400,0008.8% North Africa and Middle East 550,0000.3% South and Southeast Asia 6,000,0000.6% East Asia and Pacific 1,200,0000.1% Latin America 1,500,0000.6% Caribbean 440,0002.4% Eastern Europe and Central Asia 1,200,0000.6% Western Europe 570,0000.3% North America 980,0000.6% Australia and New Zealand 15,0000.1% Total 42,000,0001.2%

4. 4 Global Threat from HIV Asia 5,355,000 China 600,000 India 3,800,000 Thailand 755,000 （ 2.5% ） Vietnam 130,000~200,000 Myanmar 180,000~400,000 (out of 48,300,000) Cambodia 170,000 （ 2.7% ）

5. 5 Poverty, Labour Migration and HIV How does labour migration pose a risk for HIV ？ Labour Migration ・ Risks at the New Workplace ： Separation from home, family, partner. Separation from traditional life, value system, and bonds with people Surrounded by strangers, new partners are also strangers. No knowledge of partners’ previous behaviour or number of other partners Impossibility of deep or lasting relations with people at the new workplace Behaviour of frequently changing partners at the new workplace Intervention by liquor sellers, drug dealers, pimps on payday Stress of new workplace ・ hard labour released through group drinking that leads to risk behaviour; peer pressure within group leads to casual sex with unknown partners

6. 6 2 nd, 3 rd wave HIV (Thailand) 1.Day labour, hired labour, seasonal labour 2.Farming, esp. tenant farming 3.Unemployed 4.Family-owned Shopkeepers 5.From Parents (born with HIV) 6.Housewives 7.Civil Servants 8.Prison Inmates 9.Fishermen 10.Office Workers * Underlined items involve labour migration ・ mobility Other Developing Countries 1 st wave HIV 1.Military 2.Trucking ･ Transport 3.Injecting Drug Users 4.Construction (day labour) 5.Sex Workers and Clients 6.From Parents (born with HIV) 7. Seasonal Labour ・ Tenant Farming 8.Karaoke ・ Entertainer 9.Family-owned Shops 10.Beggars and Street Children HIV / AIDS Transmission ・ High Rates in Developing Countries High-risk Groups and by Occupation

7. © Lynn Thiesmeyer 2004