1. The Challenge of German Nationalism 1815-1919 Factors affecting change in the nature of german nationalism

2. Overview of Change Period 1815-1848 – nationalism Liberal in nature, limited to small section of society Period 1862-90 – movement under Prussian control 1890-1914 – Nationalism became populist, chauvinist, aggressive

3. 1. The Role of Austria Bund established 1815 – Dualism Metternich’s fear of nationalism & liberalism Metternich’s policies eg Carlsbad Decrees & Final Act of Vienna Control re-asserted at Olmutz Economic & political decline after 1850s

4. 2. Fear of France Consequences of decisions at Vienna for a) Austria b) Prussia 1840 Rhineland Crisis Problems posed by SGS after 1867 Effects on German Foreign Policy 1870- 1914

5. 3. Leadership No effective leadership 1815-1862 – only Metternich! Frederick William IV unwilling to risk confrontation with Austria Bismarck working for ‘Kleindeutschland’ – a Prussian led Germany Strong national feeling under William II

6. 4. The Economy Foundations of Prussian strength laid in 1815 Took lead after the setting up of Zollverein Bismarck encouraged spread of railways Importance of ‘Coal & Iron’ Economic boom led to social pressures Boom fuelled ‘Weltpolitik’