1. 1 The Newborn Chapter 6

2. 2 When the cord is cut the newborn’s life begins Official time of birth happens when the baby is clear of the mother’s body Neonate – medical term for the baby from birth to one month of age

3. 3 Great changes happen in the neonatal period Time of adjustment for newborn and for parents

4. 4 Plan Ahead Plan carefully Accept the responsibility of parenthood Love and communicate with each other Live one day at a time Realize that, in time, frustrations such as sleepless nights will decrease and the joys of parenthood will increase

5. 5 Medical Care and Testing All newborns also need medical care for healthy development In the hospital doctors and nurses take care of mom and the baby

6. 6 Care for Premature Babies Born too small or too soon Some congenital problems Need immediate, intensive care Intensive care nursery (ICN) – special nursery that can provide immediate intensive care just after birth for babies who need it Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) – heated, completely enclosed beds for newborns who need intensive care

7. 7 Neonatology – branch of medicine concerned with the care, development, and diseases of newborns

8. 8 Apgar Test Test that checks the baby’s chance of survival Predicts chances of child’s survival Baby scores 0,1,2 in 5 areas Total score possible is a 10 Checks baby’s pulse, breathing, muscle tone, responsiveness, skin color

9. 9 Skin color is a sign of circulation ( least important) Heart rate and breathing (most important) Test is given at one minute and then 5 minutes after delivery 5 minute score should be higher See page 175 figure 6-3

10. 10 Most healthy babies score 6 or 7 at 1 minute, then 8 to 10 at 5 minutes A low score means the baby needs special medical care Drops of silver nitrate are put into the eyes to prevent infection Footprints are made Namebands are placed on wrists and ankles

11. 11 Neonatal Assessment Brazelton Scale – used to determine whether a baby has problems interacting with the environment, handling motor processes, controlling his or her physical state, or responding to stress Detects problems early Early intervention

12. 12 Brazelton Scale Four areas: Interaction with the environment Motor processes Control of physical state Response to stress

13. 13 Other Hospital Care Pediatrician – doctor who cares for infants and children Anemia – low level of oxygen-carrying substances in the blood Phenylketornuria (PKU) – disease that can cause mental retardation if left untreated

14. 14 Jaundice – liver condition that can make the skin, tissues, and body fluids look yellow Place babies under bright lights See figure 6-5 page 177

15. 15 Well Baby Check up Routine medical visit in which the doctor examines a baby for signs of good health and proper growth Occurs within the first few weeks Tests are performed

16. 16 Physical Traits of a Newborn Traits are on page 179 figure 6-7 Not as cute as on television Things that make parents nervous: Cough/sneeze to clean out mucus Breathe unevenly

17. 17 Reflexes Automatic, unlearned behaviors Some triggered by an outside stimuli Built in responses

18. 18 Reflexes are Important Clue to the health and maturity of the nervous system Withdrawal reflex – draw their legs up when soles of feet pricked Its absence can be sign of brain damage

19. 19 Babies need some reflexes for survival Touch around newborn’s cheek, mouth the baby searches for foot (rooting reflex)

20. 20 Some reflexes lead to voluntary, learned behaviors Sucking reflex leads to learned sucking

21. 21 Using reflexes may give the newborn the practice needed to develop voluntary behaviors such as sitting, walking, and climbing See more about reflexes on page 182 figure 6-8

22. 22 Meeting the Newborn’s Physical Needs Newborns are completely helpless Depend on adults to meet their needs Dependent and fragile

23. 23 Feeding Need nutrients to grow and stay healthy Grow quickly Breast-feeding Formula feeding

24. 24 Breast Feeding Best first food for babies American Academy or Pediatrics recommends breast feeding for at least the first 12 months

25. 25 Breast Feeding Tips Eat a balanced diet Drink at least 8 (8oz) glasses of fluid  (milk, water, fruit or vegetable) Check with pediatrician about giving baby supplement (iron, fluoride, vitamin D) Realize that certain foods may upset baby  Coffee, tea, chocolate, cola, cocoa, herbal teas, artificial sweeteners

26. 26 Tell doctors and dentists when nursing  Over the counter drugs may harm child Rest and avoid stress  Milk supply decreases when mom is tired or stressed Consult with a doctor, nurse or breast feeding expert for help Use breast feeding time to bond with baby

27. 27 Formula Feeding Consult with doctor about the type to use  Some are cow or soy based Report any digestive upset or rash Formulas are available in powdered, liquid or ready to eat  Be sure water you add is boiled for 1 to 2 minutes and then cooled

28. 28 Do not make your own formula Feed newborns the right amount of milk as recommended Keep utensil, bottles, nipples completely clean Keep mixed and ready to use in fridge Check nipples for clogs, holes Babies don’t always finish bottles, throw it out

29. 29 Hold and cuddle baby during feeding Do not prop bottles  Babies can choke

30. 30 Burping the Baby Babies must be burped Swallow are while sucking or crying:  Place the baby in a sitting position with a hand on collarbone under chin  Laying baby face down across your lap  Lightly pat baby’s back for 3 minutes or so  Burp baby before, midway and or after feeding

31. 31 Clothing & Dressing Comfortable & easy washed Easy to put on and off Clothes without too many ties, etc Flame retardant Don’t overdress babies Quickly outgrow clothes  Borrow from friends, store first child’s clothes

32. 32 Newborn Dressing Put out the baby’s clothes before you begin Support the baby’s head as you life him or her Pull the baby’s arms and legs through the openings Cuddle fretful babes before continuing to dress them

33. 33 Diapering Disposable or cloth diapers Different brands and sizes of disposable diapers Consider cost and convenience Disposable required at day care centers Some areas have diaper services (costly)

34. 34 Prevent diaper rashes by changing baby’s diapers regularly Bacteria grow rapidly on warm, moist, air free skin Wash area with soap and water, expose to air and use petroleum jelly or rash ointment

35. 35 Bathing Faces, necks and diaper areas need cleaning Sponge baths are recommended until navel has completely healed (3 weeks) Leave cord alone until it is dry and loose Wipe with cotton swab dipped in 70% rubbing alcohol 4 to 5 times a day

36. 36 Sleeping Average 17 hours a day Take 7 to 8 naps a day Firm mattress No pillows or stuffed toys Placed on back for sleeping to reduce SIDS—sudden infant death syndrome – in which a baby dies without warning in his or her sleep

37. 37 SIDS Lying face down increase SIDS risk Side positions aren’t good either (roll onto stomach) Becoming too hot has also been linked to SIDS Bedding equipment on page 190 figure 6- 16

38. 38 Exercising Important for muscle development, coordination and even relaxation See page 191 figure 6-17

39. 39 Scheduling Most doctors feel newborns should feed on demand Mom should watch for clues of hunger Patterns develop but are likely to change Meeting babies needs help them learn to trust the world

40. 40 Meeting Newborn’s Intellectual Needs More people study children’s learning, more they realize that learning begins right after birth Parents are first teachers

41. 41 Brain Research says about Newborns Newborns need to be touched and cuddled, talked to and offered sensory experiences Don’t overwhelm them Receive food for the brain when they are alert

42. 42 What Can Newborns Do? Tell difference between human speech and other sounds Will recognize parents voices over strangers Imitation – coping actions of another person Now we know infants do this at an earlier age

43. 43 How Can Parents Help Their Babies Learn? Stimulation comes from being near parents and other caregivers Fascinated at seeing faces, hearing sounds, feeling warm and love when cuddled Newborns enjoy looking at objects Can’t see clearly for 3 to 4 weeks  Mobiles are useless for infant

44. 44 Objects should be changed frequently Grasping objects are a reflex action Safe toys Use colorful bed bumper pads Wind chimes Music

45. 45 Meeting the Newborn’s Social- Emotional Needs Each baby is an individual Some like to be cuddled Some cry a lot Learn what your baby needs

46. 46 Alertness of Newborns Learn best when they are alert, inactive state Develop warm relationships with others With each passing week, newborns spend more tim in the alert-inactive stage Parents can work to establish good relationship early in the newborn’s life

47. 47 Soothing a Fussy Baby Colic – condition which a baby has intense abdominal pain and cries inconsolably All babies cry even when nothing is wrong Some cry more Some have colic Caused by:allergies, tension, swallowing air

48. 48 How To Sooth Baby Rock baby in vertical position over your shoulder Carry baby around house Sing and play music Take baby for a car ride

49. 49 Meeting Parents Needs Parenting skills don’t come automatically They are learned First few weeks may be difficult Take care of yourself Get enough sleep

50. 50 The Need for Rest Good rest lessens irritability and depression Put off unnecessary chores Sleep when baby sleeps Take turns getting up with baby

51. 51 Organize Tasks Organize household Use bulletin board for posting info

52. 52 Time to Be with Adults Spending time with adults restores your energy Plan extra time for adults Get out of house without newborn Go on short walks Get babysitter or have family volunteer

53. 53 Pediatrician in to Share??

54. 54 Communicate Poll 10 parents by asking each parent what he or she found was the hardest part of life with a newborn. Create a graph showing your results