1. Why do we organize all of the species into categories?

2. Taxonomy 1.Is the study of classifying organisms. Two types of Taxonomy: 1.Evolutionary Taxonomy: showing accurate relationships of organisms based on Niche development and speciation 2.Cladistics: based on data; traits or characteristics that show derived characteristics Tree Of Life Section Outline Go to Section:

3. Who is Linnaeus? He Developed a 2 word naming system. –Why? –Naming System: Panthera pardus common name for leopard _____________ ____________ –Classification System King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti ______________________________________________

4. Who is Linnaeus? He Developed a 2 word naming system. –Why? To Avoid Ambiguity –Naming System: Binomial Nomenclature Panthera pardus common name for leopard Genus specie –Classification System King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti Kingdom is most general and specie is most specific kingdom has many different types of organisms Specie contains only one type of organism

5. Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos Go to Section:

6. Section 18-1 Flowchart Linnaeus’s System of Classification Go to Section:

7. What is a dichotomous key?

8. A dichotomous key is a sequence of steps that allows the identification of a living thing. The key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. There will always be two choices in each step of the key until you can identify the organism.

9. The Three-Domain System 1. Domain Bacteria - prokaryotic domain: cyanobacteria, spirochetes 1 Kingdom: Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea - prokaryotic domain 1 Kingdom: Archaeabacteria 3. Domain Eukarya 4 Kingdoms 1.Protista: includes algae, protozoa and slime molds 2.Fungi: absorb nutrients from decomposing matter 3.Plantae: mutli- carry out photo 4.Animalia: multi- consume food for energy Go to Section:

10.  Domains  Kingdom BacteriaArchaeaEukarya Monera (old kingdom) EubacteriaArchaea -bacteria ProtistaFungi PlantaeAnimalia

11. Decription of 5 Kingdoms Monera (eubacteria & archaebacteria): single celled, prokaryotes, auto/heter Protists: single celled, eukaryotes, auto/heter Plant: multi-celled, eukaryotes, auto Fungi: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heter Animal: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heter

12. Answer the following.... Video clip on Classification 1.What are the 5 Kingdoms? 2.Why are fungi not considered plants? 3.What 2 categories can the 5 Kingdoms be placed? 25_08ClassSchemes_A.html

14. 9 Animal Phylum 1.Poriferans: sponges 2.Cnidaria: hydra, jellyfish 3.Flatworms: tapeworms 4.Nematode: roundworms, hookworms 5. Mollusc: squid, cuttlefish, snails 6. Annelid: earthworm 7. Arthropod: insects, arachnids, crustaceans 8. Echinoderm: sea stars, sand dollars 9. Chordates: Tunicate, hagfish, lamprey,

16. Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN BACTERIA Section 18-3 Figure 18-13 Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains Go to Section:

17. Section 18-3 Concept Map are characterized by such as and differing which place them in which coincides with which place them in which is subdivided into Living Things Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Important characteristics Cell wall structures Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Go to Section:

18. New Vocabulary Words: Define the following: 1.Niche: the role an organisms plays in an ecosystem 2.Speciation: The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones 3.Derived characteristics: having a unique trait that is not found in other organisms

19. 4. Cladogram: diagram showing evolutionary relationships based on DNA and RNA analysis and derived characteristics 5. Radioactive dating: A technique for measuring the age of an object or sample of material

20. What evidence does this cladogram provide?

21. Evidence for developing a Cladogram A.DNA A.DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts B.Similarities and differences in DNA gelelectrophoresis.exe gelelectrophoresis.exe B.Observing Fossil record C.Radioactive dating D.Observing Derived characteristics

22. How does each form of evidence help scientists create a cladogram? EvidenceHow does it help in creating a cladogram Molecular analysis Fossils Radioactive dating Derived characteristics

23. TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION CLADOGRAM AppendagesConical Shells Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet CrustaceansGastropod Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva What is the difference among to 2 What is the difference among to 2 Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram Go to Section: