1. Principles of Biotechnology Objective 7.11

2. Biotechnology defined Biotechnology- “Any technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific use.” Biotechnology- “Any technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific use.” Or – all the technology connected with plant and animal life. Or – all the technology connected with plant and animal life.

3. Biotechnology Areas Environmental Applications Environmental Applications Agriculture and Biotechnology Agriculture and Biotechnology Bioprocessing Bioprocessing Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering

4. Biotechnology Biological Controls Biological Controls Biosensors Biosensors Biotreatment Biotreatment Biorestoration Biorestoration Phytoremediation Phytoremediation These are all means of using biotechnology to clean or protect the environment. These are all means of using biotechnology to clean or protect the environment.

5. Biotreatment Biotreatment - is the processing of waste or hazardous substance using living organisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoa. Biotreatment - is the processing of waste or hazardous substance using living organisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoa.

6. Phytoremediation The word's etymology comes from the Greek φυτο (phyto) = plant, and Latin « remedium » = restoring balance, or remediation. The word's etymology comes from the Greek φυτο (phyto) = plant, and Latin « remedium » = restoring balance, or remediation. Phytoremediation describes the treatment of environmental problems (bioremediation) through the use of plants Phytoremediation describes the treatment of environmental problems (bioremediation) through the use of plantsenvironmentalbioremediationplantsenvironmentalbioremediationplants

7. Environment Applications Bioremediation – is using organisms in processes that help to clean polluted environments. Bioremediation – is using organisms in processes that help to clean polluted environments. Ex) Clean up of oil spills. Ex) Clean up of oil spills. Both the genetic alteration and the organism’s use on pollution are forms of biotechnology. Both the genetic alteration and the organism’s use on pollution are forms of biotechnology.

8. Examples Examples of Environmental Applications of Bio-technology Biosensor – may be deployed to detect changes in the health of the environment. Biosensor – may be deployed to detect changes in the health of the environment.

9. Agriculture and Biotechnology Genetically altered crops and animals are among the most significant applications of biotechnology. Genetically altered crops and animals are among the most significant applications of biotechnology. A farmer may use less herbicide (kills unwanted plants) if he or she grows weed resistant crops and uses organisms that eat weeds but leave crops untouched. A farmer may use less herbicide (kills unwanted plants) if he or she grows weed resistant crops and uses organisms that eat weeds but leave crops untouched.

10. Bioprocessing Biological organisms are also important in the production of products in industry. Biological organisms are also important in the production of products in industry. Bacteria are especially useful in purification and separation processes. Bacteria are especially useful in purification and separation processes. Ex) Brewing Beer, Ex) Brewing Beer,

11. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is based on the manipulation of genes. Genetic engineering is based on the manipulation of genes. Genes hold the blueprint for how every living thing grows, looks, and behaves. Genes hold the blueprint for how every living thing grows, looks, and behaves. Genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

12. Genetic Engineering For Example, a bacterium is resistant to a certain kind of mold. Another bacterium may actually produce a toxin that attacks mold. For Example, a bacterium is resistant to a certain kind of mold. Another bacterium may actually produce a toxin that attacks mold. With genetic engineering a bacterium could be developed that would actually attack mold effectively. With genetic engineering a bacterium could be developed that would actually attack mold effectively.