1. Glycolysis & Fermentation
Chapter 6

2. What is ATP? Analogy with the coins and the bending machine
How does it function like a rechargeable battery?

3. RECHARGING ATP Occurs in the Mitochondria
How do we obtain the energy from GLUCOSE to make ATP?
2 types of complex reactions
→Aerobic (Involves oxygen)
→Anaerobic (Does not involve oxygen)

4. Glucose → Pyruvic Acid + 2 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
Breakdown of glucose
Happens in the cytoplasm of the cell
Doesn’t require oxygen
Process of going from Glucose to Pyruvic Acid and producing 2 ATP
Glucose → Pyruvic Acid + 2 ATP

5. GLYCOLYSIS

6. Glucose → Pyruvic Acid + 2 ATP
GLYCOLYSIS
Glucose → Pyruvic Acid + 2 ATP
ANAEROBIC PATHWAY
AEROBIC PATHWAY
FERMENTATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION

7. FERMENTATION : ANAEROBIC
No oxygen present
Process through which yeast cells obtain energy from glucose
Limited to microscopic organisms, unicellular organisms
Glucose breaks down into 2 three-carbon molecules called pyruvate
Pyruvate can then be broken down in two different pathways (identified by their waste products)
→Alcoholic Fermentation
→Lactic Acid Fermentation

8. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
C6H12O6 → 2 ATP + 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Glucose Energy Ethanol Carbon Dioxide

9. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
6 Carbon Molecule
3 Carbon → Molecule
2 Carbon → Molecule

10. FERMENTATION Goal of fermentation: Produce ATP
What are the waste products in alcoholic fermentation? _________
How is the waste product of one organism useful to another?

11. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
Example 1 : Wine (yeast ferments the sugar in grape juice to make ethanol & CO2)
Example 2 : Yeast is used to make bread, the CO2 is what forms bubbles in the dough making it rise

12. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
C6H12O6 → 2 Lactic Acid + 2ATP
Fermentation can also be carried out by bacteria
Lactic acid fermentation is a process in which bacteria converts glucose to lactic acid
Example 1: Make products such as butter, yogurt and cheese.
Example 2: Lactic acid buildup in muscles

13. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Oxygen is essential to human life
Fermentation is inefficient
Glucose is broken down to produce ATP with the help of oxygen = AEROBIC
Breathing provides oxygen to the cells that use it to break down Glucose and make ATP

14. WHERE DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION TAKE PLACE?
_________________ (Responsible for energy generation)
Enzymes responsible for controlling cellular respiration are part of the inner membrane

15. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Analogy with a fireplace Mitochondria = Fireplace
Glucose = Log
Oxygen = Needed to burn log
Carbon Dioxide & Water = Released
ATP = Released as heat & light

16. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Breaks down glucose to put energy in the form of ATP
Respiration: breaking down 1 glucose molecules produces 38 ATP molecules
How many released in fermentation? ___
We recover 40% of energy of the glucose as ATP the rest is released as heat.

17. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO ATP + HEAT